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nursing > Ap ch 6 > Flashcards

Ap ch 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are appendages?

A

the hair and skin glands

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2
Q

What is another name for the skin and connective tissues just beneath it?

A

integument

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3
Q

What term refers to a thin, sheet like structure that may have many important functions in the body . it covers and protects the body surface, lines body cavities, and covers the inner surfaces of the hollow organs such as the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory passage ways?

A

Membrane

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4
Q

What are two major categories or types of body membranes?

A

Epithelial membrane and Connective Tissue membrane

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5
Q

______ are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue?

A

epithelial membrane

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6
Q

_____ are composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue. no epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane?

A

connective tissue membrane

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7
Q

Epithelial membranes are ?

A

avascular

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8
Q

connective tissue membranes are?

A

vascular

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9
Q

What are three types of epithelial tissue membranes in the body?

A 
#1 cutaneous membrane
#2 serous membrane
#3 mucous membrane
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10
Q

The ____ is the primary organ of the integumentary system?

A

the cutaneous membrane (skin)

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11
Q

As with epithelial membranes, a _____ is composed of two distinct layers of tissue?

A

serous membrane

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12
Q

______ holds and supports the epithelial cells?

A

basement membrane

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13
Q

The _____ layer is a serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity?

A

parietal layer

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14
Q

The _____ layer is the portion of the membrane that folds inward to cover the surface of organs within a body cavity.

A

The visceral layer

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15
Q

In the thoracic cavity the serous membrane around each lung is called the __________?

A

pleura

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16
Q

In the abdominal cavity the serous membrane covering most of the organs called the ____?

A

peritoneum

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17
Q

The ___ layer forms the lining of the body cavity, and the ____ layer covers the organs found in that cavity?

A

Parietal and Visceral layer

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18
Q

_____ is a very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes that line the chest cavity and cover thee lungs.

A

Pleurisy

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19
Q

The term _____ is used to describe inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

A

peritonitis

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20
Q

_____ are epithelial membranes that contain that contain both an epithelial layer and a fibrous connective tissue layer.

A

mucous membranes

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21
Q

The ____ cells of most mucous membranes secrete a thick slimy material called mucous that that keeps the membranes moist and soft

A

epithelial

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22
Q

The fibrous connective tissue underling the epithelium in mucous membranes is called the ____

A

lamina propria

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23
Q

The term ____ is used to describe the transitional area that serves as a point of “fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet

A

mucocutaneaous junction

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24
Q

The ____ lining the joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones in movable joints are classified as connective tissue membranes

A

synovial membranes

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25
Q

Synovial membranes are smooth and slick and secrete a thick colorless lubricating fluid called ____

A

synovial fluid

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26
Q

Where are bursea found?

A

between moving body parts and they are small cushion like sacs

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27
Q

What is the largest and one of the most important organs of the body

A

the skin

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28
Q

The ____ is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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29
Q

The ____ is the deeper of the two layers. It is thicker than the epidermis and is made up largely of connective tissue

A

dermis

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30
Q

The layers of the skin are supported by a thick layer loos connective tissue and fat called___

A

subcutaneous tissue of the hypodermis

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31
Q

The ___ acts as a shock-absorbing pad and helps protect underlying tissues from injury caused by bumps and blows to the body surface

A

subcutaneous tissue

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32
Q

The basal cells of the innermost layer are called ____

A

stratum germinativum

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33
Q

____ is a tough water proof material that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin with a horny abrasion resistant and protective quality

A

Keratin

34
Q

The tough outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ___

A

stratum corneum

35
Q

The deepest cell layer of the stratum germinativum is responsible for the production of a ___ that gives color to the skin

A

pigment

36
Q

Melanin is what?

A

brown pigment

37
Q

___ is produced by cells called melanoctyes that are found in the bascal layer it is produced and packaged

A

Melanin

38
Q

What is the primary function of Melanin?

A

to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight before it reaches tissues below the outer layers of the epidermis

39
Q

If blood oxygen levels decrease or if actual blood flow is reduced dramatically the skin turns a blue gray color. This condition is called ____

A

cyanosis

40
Q

The junction that exists between the thin superficial epidermal layer of skin and the deeper the dermal layers forms a type of basement membrane called the

A

dermal-epidermal junction

41
Q

____ project upward from the dermis into the epidermis and also stabilize the dermal-epidermal junction

A

dermal papillae

42
Q

Blisters are what stage?

A

stage 2

43
Q

tough and strong fibers are called ___

A

collagen or white fibers

44
Q

stretchable and elastic fibers are called ___

A

elastic or yellow fibers

45
Q

The ___ increase the surface area of the glue like dermal-epidermal junction that helps to bind the skin layers to each other

A

dermal papillae

46
Q

Reticular layer makes up what percentage of the body

A

80%

47
Q

The subcutaneous tissue if often called the ___

A

superficial fascia or hypodermis

48
Q

The hair of a newborn infant is extremely fine an soft it is called ___

A

lanugo

49
Q

Cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis to form a small tube called the ____

A

hair follicle

50
Q

hair growth begins from a small bump called the ___ which is located at the base of the follicle

A

hair papilla

51
Q

The nail body nearest the root has a crescent shaped white area known as the ____

A

lunula

52
Q

What are the two skin recepters?

A

lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle) wich is the deeper like the dermis and detects pressure and the tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle) which detects light layers?*

53
Q

The skin glans include what two varities?

A

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

54
Q

___ are by far the more numerous important and widespread sweat glands in the body

A

eccrine sweat glands

55
Q

Sweat assists in the elimination of ____

A

waste products such as ammonia and uric acid

56
Q

____ are found primarily in the skin in the armpit and the pigmented skin areas around the genitals they are also responsible for body odor

A

Apocrine sweat glands

57
Q

___ secret oil for the hair and skin

A

sebaceous glands

58
Q

___ lubricates the hair and skin

A

sebum

59
Q

What are the 5 most important functions of the skin?

A

1 protection #2 temperature regulation #sense organ activity #4 excretion #5 synthesis of vitamin D

60
Q

What are the 3 most common types of cancer?

A

skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma (the most dangerous)

61
Q

warning signs of melanoma ABCDE

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

62
Q

Rule of asymmetry

A

benign moles are usually symmetrical. Their halves are mirror images of each other. Melanoma lesions are asymmetrical or lopsided

63
Q

rule of border

A

Benign moles are outlined by a distinct border but melanoma lesions are often irregular or indistinct in shape

64
Q

rule of color

A

Benign moles may be any shade of brown but are relatively evenly colored. Melanoma lesions tend to be unevenly colored, exhibiting a mixture of shades or colors

65
Q

rule of diameter

A

By the time melanoma lesion exhibits characteristic A, B, and C it is also probably larger larger than 6mm (1/4 ??)

66
Q

rule evolving

A

moles that continue to evolve or change over time may be cancerous. Besides the changed noted above melanoma lesions ay begin to itch, form an ulcer, or bleed

67
Q

what is capulary firmability

A

fluid shifts

68
Q

HH8V causes

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

69
Q

The most serious form of skin cancer is

A

melanoma

70
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is

A

slowly growing carcinoma of the epidermis

71
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

is a common type of skin cancer

72
Q

the most important factor in causing common skin cancer is

A

exposure to the suns ultraviolet radiation

73
Q

the body is divided into 11 areas of what percentage

A

9%

74
Q

destruction of a subcutaneous layer occurs in a ___ degree burn

A

third

75
Q

the type of membrane that lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior is known as

A

mucous

76
Q

What is first degree burns

A

typically a sun burn, 1-3 day healing period, and peeling

77
Q

What is second degree burns

A

involves deep epidermal layers, always causes injury to upper dermis layer, blisters occur along with severe pain

78
Q

What is third degree burns

A

complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis, full thickness burn, great risk of infection

79
Q

Which Isotonic fluid is commonly given to treat burns

A

lactated ringers

80
Q

what fluid with burns that with in a few hours could cause hypovolemic shock is important to replace the fluid within isotonic solution

A

increase of Capillary permeable

nursing (11 decks)

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