A&P CHPT 9 Flashcards
The system as a whole has two principle divisions called ?
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
What is in the CNS?
Brain
Spinal cord
What is in the PNS?
All nerves
Autonomic system
What is in the autonomic system?
Heart rate, contraction of stomach and intestines, and secretion of chemical compounds
What are two major types of cells found in nervous tissue?
neurons
glia cells
what are neurons?
nerve cells
What is glia?
support cells
Neurons consists of three parts?
1) cell body
2) dendrites
3) axon
What is the “cell body” of the neurons?
it’s the main part
What is the “dendrites” of neurons?
one or more branching projection
What is “axon” of neurons?
one en-longed projection
What are the types of neurons?
1) sensory neuron
2) motor neuron
3) Interneurons
Sensory neuron does what?
carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain
What is sensory neuron is also called?
afferent neuron
What does the motor neuron do?
carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
What type of tissues is motor neuron?
muscle
glandular
What is the motor neuron also called?
efferent neuron
What does the interneurons do?
conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
What is interneurons also called?
central or connecting neurons
glia or neuroglia is what?
special types of supporting cells
An important reason for discussing glia is one of the most common type of brain tumor called?
glioma
glia performs many different functions including
the regulation pf neuron function
Glia vary in size and shape:
Large cells that look somewhat like stars
(threadlike branches)
atstrocytes
along the the walls of the blood vessels, astrocyte branches form a two layer structure called
Blood brain barrier
what is smaller then astrocytes
microglia
microglia usually ….
remains stationary
The _____ separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect vital brain tissue from harmful chemicals that may be in blood
BBB BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
The ____ helps to hold nerve fibers together
oligodencytes
oligodencytes also serves in what function?
They produce the fatty myelin sheath that envelopes nerve fibers located in the brain and spinal cord
The _____ affects nerve conduction speed.
myelin sheath
______ are glia cells that also forms myelin sheaths but do so only in P.N.S
Schwann cells
Neurons with myelin-wrapped axons are called
myelinated fibers
_____ is gaps between adjacent schwann cells
Nodes of Ranvier
The outer wrapped layer of a schwann cell is called?
neurilemma
A _____ is a group of peripheral nerve fibers (axons) bundled together like the strands of a cable.
nerve
what is the gap that serves as a junction between nerve cells?
synapse
The motor neuron axon forms a synapse is called
a effector
what is a group of nerve cell bodies located in P.N.S. called?
ganglion
What are at the beginning of dendrite’s
receptors
what is the basic type of neuron pathway called?
reflex arc
nerve impulses also called ______ can travel trillions of route?
action potentials
what are bundles of axons in the C.N.S are called?
Tracks
a tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve is called?
epineurium
groups of wrapped axons is called?
Facials
an involuntary response to an impulse conduction over a reflex arc is called?
reflex
knee at the doctors office
the destruction of neurons of the motor area of the cerebrum is called?
C.V.A.
cerebrovascular accident
what is in the brain stem
M—MEDULA OBLONGATA
P—PONS
M—MIDBRAIN
What does the medula oblongata do?
control center of cardiac respiratory
what do pons do?
influence respiratory
What does the midbrain do?
relays visual and audio
what does cerebellum do?
muscle coordination (posture)
What is in the diencephalon?
H— Hypothalamus
T— Thalamus
P— Pineal gland
What does the hypothalamus do?
regulates temp, water, sleep, appetite, and sex drive
What does the thalamus do?
sensory relay of cortex, emotions
What does the pineal gland do?
melatonin, natural light, internal clock
What does the cerebrum do?
sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, memory
what does the following stand for?
- B-ecause
- C-cant
- D-itch
- C-lass
3Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum
Olfactory
smell (smell that factory)
Optic
vision
oculmotor
eye movement think (O)
Trochlear
eye movement (down and in)
Trigeminal
touch forehead cheek and teeth
Abducens
eyes side to side (looking for someone)
Facial
Taste, saliva anterior
Vagus
Defecation
Vestibulocochear /acoustic
hearing/balance
glossopherneal
posterior taste
spinal accessory
shoulder shrug
hypoglossal
tongue movement
temporal lobe
language and auditory
occipital lobe
vision deep dispaja (eating problem)
latteral fissure
short term memory
hypocampus
