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nursing > A&P CHP. 8 > Flashcards

A&P CHP. 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

The bulk of the heart is made up of?

A

Cardiac muscle

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2
Q

Thread like cylindrical cells that appear in bundles is?

A

Skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Skeletal tissue has three names

A

1) Skeletal muscle
2) Striated muscle
3) Voluntary muscle

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4
Q

Fibers that are tapered at each end and have a single nucleus is called

A

smooth muscle

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5
Q

What muscles are involuntary?

A

smooth and cardiac

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6
Q

What muscle is voluntary?

A

Skeletal

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7
Q

Muscle cells and called

A

fibers

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8
Q

what muscle is striated

A

skeletal and cardiac

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9
Q

what muscle has cells that branch frequently

A

cardiac

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10
Q

what muscle moves food into the stomach

A

Smooth Muscle

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11
Q

What muscle is non-striated

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

What muscle is voluntary

A

skeletal

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13
Q

What muscle is increases efficiency of the heart muscle in pumping blood

A

cardiac muscle

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14
Q

What muscle is involuntary

A

cardiac and smooth

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15
Q

What muscle attaches to the bone

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

what attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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17
Q

what muscle is found in hollow organs

A

smooth muscle

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18
Q

`What muscle is also called visceral muscle

A

Smooth muscle

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19
Q

What encloses some tendons

A

tendon sheaths

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20
Q

The muscles attachment to this more stationary bone is called

A

its origin

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21
Q

what contraction is needed for energy?

A

A.T.P.

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22
Q

The muscle unit, excluding the ends

A

body

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23
Q

attachment to the more moveable bone

A

insertion

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24
Q

fluid filled sacs that lie between some tendons

A

bursae

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25
Q

what secretes a slippery lubricating fluid that fills the bursae

A

the synovial membrane

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26
Q

what are two kinds of thread like microfilaments called

A

thick and thin myofilaments

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27
Q

The thick myofilament are formed from a protein called

A

myosin

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28
Q

the thin myofilament are mainly composed of the protein?

A

actin

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29
Q

what is the basic functional or contractile unit of the skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

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30
Q

Microscopic threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers

A

myofilament

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31
Q

elongated contractile cells of muscle tissue

A

muscle fibers

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32
Q

muscles move bones by doing what

A

pulling against them

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33
Q

What encloses some tendons

A

tendon sheaths

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34
Q

We are able to maintain our body position because of continuous, low-strength muscle contraction called muscle tone or

A

tonic contraction

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35
Q

muscle tone maintains what

A

posture

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36
Q

how is fatigue caused

A

if muscle fibers are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the muscle contraction decreases

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37
Q

what is oxygen debt

A

the continually increasing metabolism that must occur in a call to remove the excess lactic acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise (labored breathing // pay the debt)

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38
Q

of all the muscles contracting simultaneously the one mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called

A

prime mover

39
Q

what maintains the body posture by counteracting the pull of gravity

A

skeletal muscle tone

40
Q

an adequate stimulus will contract a muscle cell completely because of

A

all of nothing theory (threshhold stimulus)

41
Q

when oxygen supplies run low muscle cells produce

A

lactic acid

42
Q

the point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called what?

A

neuromuscular junction

43
Q

muscle fibers are stimulated by a nerve cell called?

A

motor neuron

44
Q

What is the type of neurotransmitter operating in each NMJ is called

A

acetylcholine

45
Q

muscle hypertrophy can be enhanced by

A

strength training

46
Q

endurance training is also called

A

aerobic training

47
Q

what is endurance training

A

it increases the muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period of time

48
Q

What is Twitch contraction

A

is a quick jerking response to a stimulus, can be seen by isolated muscles but plays a minimal role in normal muscle activity

49
Q

what is tetanic contraction

A

is more sustained and steady, (leg cramp) it is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

50
Q

what is isotonic contraction

A

muscle produces movement at the joint

51
Q

what is concentric contraction (shortens or lengthens)

A

muscle shortens

52
Q

what is eccentric contracture (shorten or lengthens)

A

muscle lengthens

53
Q

name examples of isotonic contractions

A

walking, running, lifting, twisting, breathing and most body movements

54
Q

supine and pronation refer to

A

hand positions that result from movement of the forearm

55
Q

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion refer to

A

ankle movement up or down

56
Q

inversion and eversion refers to what

A

ankle movement side to side

57
Q

contractions that melt together to produce a sustained contraction are called

A

tetanus

58
Q

increase in muscle size is caller

A

hypertrophy

59
Q

what produces movement opposite to prime movers

A

antagonist

60
Q

what assists prime movers with movement

A

synergist

61
Q

muscles that help other muscles produce movement are called

A

synergist

62
Q

the connecting bridges between myofilaments form properly only if what is present

A

calcium

63
Q

frontal muscle allows you to

A

raise your eyebrows

64
Q

the orbicularis oculi allows you to

A

pucker your lips

65
Q

the zygomaticus allows you to

A

smile (elevates the corners of your mouth)

66
Q

mastication refers to

A

chewing

67
Q

masseter does what

A

elevates the mandible

68
Q

the temporal does what

A

assists the masseter in closing the jaw

69
Q

what does sternocleidomastoid do

A

allows you to move/rotate your neck

70
Q

what does trapezius do?

A

moves or stabilizes your scapula

71
Q

what does your pectoralis major do

A

chest moves arms

72
Q

where is your latissimus dorsi and what does it do

A

lower back and is an extenser of the arm

73
Q

where is you deltoid muscle located and what does

A

back of shoulder/ upper arm abducts arm

74
Q 
which if the following is not part of the hamstring
A semi-membranous 
B semi-tendinousus
C rectus femoris
D  Biceps femoris
A

C RECTUS FEMORIS

75
Q

where is the tibialis anterior

A

leg below the patella

76
Q

where is the gastrocnemius

A

majority of the calf

77
Q

Striations are found where

A

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

78
Q

Intergulated disks are found where

A

Between the myocardial cells of the heart

79
Q

Another name for skeletal muscle is

A

Voluntary saturated and skeletal

80
Q

Muscle contraction where muscle gets shorter

A

Concentric

81
Q

What are tonic contractions

A

Maintaining the body posture (low strength muscle)

82
Q

What are the muscles of the trunk

A

External and internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm

83
Q

What position are your hand in in anatomical position

A

Supine

84
Q

What’s the opposite movement of rotation

A

Supination

85
Q

What happens when a prime mover flexes at a joint

A

The antagonist will extend the joint

86
Q

What part of the body does the pectorals major move

A

Flexes and helps adult the arm

87
Q

What percentage of your weight is skeletal

A

40%

88
Q

What happens when calcium is released in the sacromere

A

When the muscle is stimulated to contract by the nerve impulse, calcium channels open in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (which is effectively a storage house for calcium within the muscle) and release calcium into the sarcoplasm (fluid within the muscle cell).

89
Q

Biceps brachi flexes what?

A

The elbow

90
Q

What does the sartorius do

A

flexes thigh

91
Q

what does the rectus abdominis do

A

flexes the trunk

92
Q

what are the tree adductor muscles

A

adductor longus
gracilis
pectineus

93
Q

what is applied to therapeutic stratagies

A

biomechanical engineering

nursing (11 decks)

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