A&P CHP. 8 Flashcards
The bulk of the heart is made up of?
Cardiac muscle
Thread like cylindrical cells that appear in bundles is?
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal tissue has three names
1) Skeletal muscle
2) Striated muscle
3) Voluntary muscle
Fibers that are tapered at each end and have a single nucleus is called
smooth muscle
What muscles are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
What muscle is voluntary?
Skeletal
Muscle cells and called
fibers
what muscle is striated
skeletal and cardiac
what muscle has cells that branch frequently
cardiac
what muscle moves food into the stomach
Smooth Muscle
What muscle is non-striated
Smooth muscle
What muscle is voluntary
skeletal
What muscle is increases efficiency of the heart muscle in pumping blood
cardiac muscle
What muscle is involuntary
cardiac and smooth
What muscle attaches to the bone
Skeletal
what attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
what muscle is found in hollow organs
smooth muscle
`What muscle is also called visceral muscle
Smooth muscle
What encloses some tendons
tendon sheaths
The muscles attachment to this more stationary bone is called
its origin
what contraction is needed for energy?
A.T.P.
The muscle unit, excluding the ends
body
attachment to the more moveable bone
insertion
fluid filled sacs that lie between some tendons
bursae
what secretes a slippery lubricating fluid that fills the bursae
the synovial membrane
what are two kinds of thread like microfilaments called
thick and thin myofilaments
The thick myofilament are formed from a protein called
myosin
the thin myofilament are mainly composed of the protein?
actin
what is the basic functional or contractile unit of the skeletal muscle
sarcomere
Microscopic threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers
myofilament
elongated contractile cells of muscle tissue
muscle fibers
muscles move bones by doing what
pulling against them
What encloses some tendons
tendon sheaths
We are able to maintain our body position because of continuous, low-strength muscle contraction called muscle tone or
tonic contraction
muscle tone maintains what
posture
how is fatigue caused
if muscle fibers are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the muscle contraction decreases
what is oxygen debt
the continually increasing metabolism that must occur in a call to remove the excess lactic acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise (labored breathing // pay the debt)
of all the muscles contracting simultaneously the one mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called
prime mover
what maintains the body posture by counteracting the pull of gravity
skeletal muscle tone
an adequate stimulus will contract a muscle cell completely because of
all of nothing theory (threshhold stimulus)
when oxygen supplies run low muscle cells produce
lactic acid
the point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called what?
neuromuscular junction
muscle fibers are stimulated by a nerve cell called?
motor neuron
What is the type of neurotransmitter operating in each NMJ is called
acetylcholine
muscle hypertrophy can be enhanced by
strength training
endurance training is also called
aerobic training
what is endurance training
it increases the muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period of time
What is Twitch contraction
is a quick jerking response to a stimulus, can be seen by isolated muscles but plays a minimal role in normal muscle activity
what is tetanic contraction
is more sustained and steady, (leg cramp) it is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession
what is isotonic contraction
muscle produces movement at the joint
what is concentric contraction (shortens or lengthens)
muscle shortens
what is eccentric contracture (shorten or lengthens)
muscle lengthens
name examples of isotonic contractions
walking, running, lifting, twisting, breathing and most body movements
supine and pronation refer to
hand positions that result from movement of the forearm
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion refer to
ankle movement up or down
inversion and eversion refers to what
ankle movement side to side
contractions that melt together to produce a sustained contraction are called
tetanus
increase in muscle size is caller
hypertrophy
what produces movement opposite to prime movers
antagonist
what assists prime movers with movement
synergist
muscles that help other muscles produce movement are called
synergist
the connecting bridges between myofilaments form properly only if what is present
calcium
frontal muscle allows you to
raise your eyebrows
the orbicularis oculi allows you to
pucker your lips
the zygomaticus allows you to
smile (elevates the corners of your mouth)
mastication refers to
chewing
masseter does what
elevates the mandible
the temporal does what
assists the masseter in closing the jaw
what does sternocleidomastoid do
allows you to move/rotate your neck
what does trapezius do?
moves or stabilizes your scapula
what does your pectoralis major do
chest moves arms
where is your latissimus dorsi and what does it do
lower back and is an extenser of the arm
where is you deltoid muscle located and what does
back of shoulder/ upper arm abducts arm
which if the following is not part of the hamstring A semi-membranous B semi-tendinousus C rectus femoris D Biceps femoris
C RECTUS FEMORIS
where is the tibialis anterior
leg below the patella
where is the gastrocnemius
majority of the calf
Striations are found where
Skeletal and cardiac muscle
Intergulated disks are found where
Between the myocardial cells of the heart
Another name for skeletal muscle is
Voluntary saturated and skeletal
Muscle contraction where muscle gets shorter
Concentric
What are tonic contractions
Maintaining the body posture (low strength muscle)
What are the muscles of the trunk
External and internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
What position are your hand in in anatomical position
Supine
What’s the opposite movement of rotation
Supination
What happens when a prime mover flexes at a joint
The antagonist will extend the joint
What part of the body does the pectorals major move
Flexes and helps adult the arm
What percentage of your weight is skeletal
40%
What happens when calcium is released in the sacromere
When the muscle is stimulated to contract by the nerve impulse, calcium channels open in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (which is effectively a storage house for calcium within the muscle) and release calcium into the sarcoplasm (fluid within the muscle cell).
Biceps brachi flexes what?
The elbow
What does the sartorius do
flexes thigh
what does the rectus abdominis do
flexes the trunk
what are the tree adductor muscles
adductor longus
gracilis
pectineus
what is applied to therapeutic stratagies
biomechanical engineering
