Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBCOT Study Guide > AOTA Pediatric Assessment and Intervention > Flashcards

AOTA Pediatric Assessment and Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

what three major cardiovascular changes must take place at birth?

A

hole between right and left atria must close
dcutus arteriosis must close
ductus venosus must close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three categories of heart defects

A

defets that increase pulmonary blood flow
defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow
defects mixed with pulmonary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some OT treatment implications for children with congential heart defets

A

children may have decreased enduracne but develop normally
pace actitivites accordingly
selective care
education in general health maintenacne.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define bradydysrhytmia

A

abnormally slow heart rate <60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define tachydysrhythmia

A

abnormally fast heart rate >200-300 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute condition; common in preterm; caseud byb deficiency of surfactant; results in compromised oxygen absroption and carbon dizoide elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

results of prolonged use of mechanical ventilation and other traumatic interventions to trat acute repsriatory problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define asthma

A

bronical smooth muscle hyperreactivity that causes airway constriction in lower repsiratory trac,t difficulty breathng and wheezing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can OTs treat asthnma

A

education on irritans
self-management strats
peer-group acitivites
education on breathing exercisesm, stretching and controileld breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define cystic fibrorsis

A

degnerative condition caused by inherited autosomal recessive disorder
characterize dby uscle-pproducing glands malfunctioning and producing secretions that atre thick, viscous and lacking water that block pancreatic duct, bronchial tree and disgestive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe OT treatment of CF

A

educatiom about progression
instruction in energy conservation
education in promoting efficient breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define erythrocytosis

A

too many RBCs which leads to transient leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define hemopohila

A

absense or reduction of one of the clitting blood proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define the three types of hemophilia

A

mild - bleeding after traumatic event
moderate - bleeding after minor injuries
severe - bleeding after an apparent cue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define anemia

A

iron deficiceny in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define sickle cell anemia

A

abnormally shaped red blood cells that causes decreased energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bone disease.= in which minor trauma can cause fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define marfan’s syndrome

A

excessive growth at ephyphseal plates.

long and slender fingers, skull asymmertries, tall stature. lax and hypermobile joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define achondroplasia

A

grow to 4 feet tall or less; limbs are short in length; prominent forehead and small nose/jaw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define arthrogryposis multiplex congential

A

reduced anteiror horn cells in spinal ord; incomplete contracture of many or all of joints.
presents with stiff and spindly extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

OT treatment for AMC include

A

increase and mitain client’s ROM and strength

increase functional participation in occupations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define congential clubfoot

A

unilateral or bilateral forefoot adduction and supination, heel varus, equinus of ankle, medial deviation of foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

define congential club hand

A

partial or full absence of the radius and bowing of the uylnar shaft with absensce or underdevleiopment of UE nerve and muscualture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define devleopmental dysplasia of hip

A

hip laxity. treated with bracing, casting, or splinting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

define polydactyly

A

excess of fingers or toes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

define syndactlyl

A

webbing occurs betwen figners or toes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define bradydactlyl

A

overly large digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

define macrodactlyl

A

overly small digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

define amelia

A

absense of limb or distal segments of a limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

define strain

A

too strong an effort or excessive use of a particiular body part and is charaterized by trauma to the mucle or muscle-tendon insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

define sprain

A

trauma to joint and is characterized by raid swelling, heat and impaired fgunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

define bruise (contusion)

A

caused by injury with diffuse impact into the subcutaneous tissue and is charactesed by skiun discoloration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

define JRA

A

joint inflammation, joint stiffnes,s joint contractures, charge in growth patterns. most comon form of arthritis in children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the OT interventions for JRA

A

splinting, involve client in AROM and PROM, monitor joint function and prevention of deformity
educate client in energy conservation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

define the different types of fractures

A

complete - bone is broken straight through
cominuted - bone is broken into many splinted pieces
compoiund - leads to external wound at site of fracture
epipphyseal 0- break occurs betwen shaft of bone at epiphysis
greenstick - partiually brokoen and partially bent
intrauterine - broken in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

define lordosis

A

anteroposterior curvature directed posteriorly; hollow spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

define kyphosis

A

posterior convexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

define scoliosis

A

lateral survature, spinal rotation, and thoracic hypokyphisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

define treatment ideas for curvature of the spine

A

stretching, postural training, bracing, splinting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

define CP

A

nonprogressive condition that encompasses neuroloigic, motor and postural deficits.

characterized by difficulty maintianing normal muscle postures because of lack of muscle coactivation and devleopment of abnormal compenastory movement patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

define hemiplegia

A

affect UE and LE on one side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

define qwuadriplegia

A

affets UE and LE on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

define diplegia

A

quadriplegia with mild UE involvement and significant involvement in LE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

define athetotis

A

fluctuation of tone from low to normal with little spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

define choreoathetosis

A

constant fluctuation from low to high tone, without cocontractions; apppear as jerky movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

define flaccidity

A

marked low tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

define ataxia

A

tone usually within normal range but involving LE flexion pattenrs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

describe OT treatment for CP

A

maintain AROM and PROM through stretching, exercise and orthotics
use AE and AT to enhance particppation and independence in education, play, leisure and doical participation
seating and positioning
CIMT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

define tonic clonic seizures

A

expeirecnes sensation that seizure is about to begin; followed byu LOC and rhythmic clonic contractions. last 5 mins or longer. incontinence is common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

define absence seizures

A

brief lapse or loss of awareness along with absence of motor activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

define myoclonic seizures

A

contractions sf single muiscles or muscle groups

52
Q

define akinetic seizures

A

loss of muscle tone for more than 30 miknutes

53
Q

define status epliectus

A

extened seizures; prompt medical intervention needed to maintain body functions and hydration

54
Q

define complex partial seizures

A

originate in tempoiral lob and appear a lip smacking, chewing or buttoning, and unbuttoning clothes. charactertics similar to absence seizures

55
Q

define simple partial seizures

A

originate in motr corte ans result in cloniic activity fo face or exremnities; person may experience visual or auditory hallucinations or olfactory sensations

56
Q

define musclar dystrophies

A

progressive degneration and weakness of a variteyt of muscle groups and could lead to death.

57
Q

define limb girdle MD

A

affects proxmial uscles of the pelvis and shoulder girdle

58
Q

define fascioscapulohumeral MD

A

afects face, UE and scapuarl region

59
Q

define DMD

A

enlarged muscles and postuiive gower’s sign are present.
difficulty going up stairs.
ADLs are difificult byu age 2-6
die near 20s.

60
Q

what are some implications for intervention for DMD

A

maximize and prolong indepdpence
prevent deformity
work on strenght and ROM
AE

61
Q

define congenital muscular dystrophy

A

disorders with onset in utero orduring 1st year of life.
hypotonia, generalized musclec weakness, and contractures.
presenattion inlcudes floppy child with muscle weakness inf ace, neck, trunk, limbs,m decreased muscle mass, absent deep tendon relfees

62
Q

what are some implications for OT intervention for CMD

A

increase mobility and prevent contracturtes
use adaptive equipment and orthotics
maintain indepdnent mobility

63
Q

define spina bifida

A

congenital defect of vertebral arches and spinal column.

64
Q

define meningocele spina bifidia

A

extensive spinal opeining with exposed pouch of CSF and meningies

65
Q

define myclomeningocele

A

most severe; excessive spinal copening with exposed pouch of CSF and meningies.

66
Q

describe implications for OT treatment with spina bifida

A

bowel and blader programs
work on cognitive and learning issues
education on skin care, urology and diet.
AD for mobility

67
Q

define erb-duchenne palso

A

weakness or wasting of smal muscles of hands and sensory discimination in hand/arm
unilateral

68
Q

define klumpke palsy

A

paralysis of hand and wrist muscles (claw hand deformity)

69
Q

describe implications for OT intervention for periphernal nerve injuruies

A 
fabrication of sling.
PROM/AROM
resistive exercise and weight bearing
tactile stimulation
engagement in activities that are bilateral in nature
retregrade massage.
70
Q

define the two types of TBI

A

closed - rapid movement of head in which brain strikes skull

open - object entered brain

71
Q

describe the two types of forces for TBIs

A

impact - head striking sruface from moving oibject striking head
inertial - rapid acceleration and deceleration of brain inside skull.

72
Q

what are some red flags for TBIs

A

LOS, lethargy, confusion, seere headache, nausea, vomiting, speech or motor impairments.

73
Q

what treatments are performed in acute care for TBIs

A

sensory stimulation
ROM positioning
splinting

74
Q

what treamtnets are performed in rehab for TBIs

A

assessments of motor and process, visual perceptuial, visual motor, sensory processing, psychosicla factors, safety adn ADL/IADL assessments
regaining function with ADLs, IADLs, executive functioning and education for ADs

75
Q

what tratments are performed in community reentry for TBIs

A

home and community visits to assess activity demands and problme solve strts

76
Q

describe the levels of intellectual disabilities

A

mild - between 55-70. third to seveneth grade level
moderate - 40-55. second grade skills.
severe - 25-40. basic ADls and health habits. requires supports.
profound - below 25. caregiver assistance for everything.

77
Q

what are some indications for tx for ID

A

supports to meet devleopmental milestones
support for devleopment of functional skills
support for development of vocational interest and skills
general adaption of enviornmen.

78
Q

what is ASD characterized by?

A

severe and complex impairments in social interaction and communication skuills and by the presence of stereotypical behaviors, inteests and activities. difficulties wqith sensory processing and sensory modulation
difficulties with cognition
dififculties with motor skills
difficiutles wiht communication

79
Q

define rett shyndrome

A

progressive neurologic disorder caused by genetic mutation found only in girls.
loss of hand skills and demonstrates porly coordinated trunk adn gait coordination.
nonambulatory and noverbal by late childhood.

80
Q

define ADHD

A

difficulty maintaining attention and increased hyperactivity and impulsivity
dificulty paying atetnetion
avoid task that require sustained attention
frequenty fidgeting
excessive talking

81
Q

what are some implications for OT intervention for ADHD

A

cognitive bheaviora therapy
behavior modification
educational interventions, including safety awareness
social skills training
modifying classrooim environments, espeically rganization of space and objets
self-management tehcniques
inteventions to enhacnce sensory modulation and support orgnizationla routines.

82
Q

define dyslexia

A

diffiuclty with reading

83
Q

define dysgraphia

A

diffuclty with writing

84
Q

define dyscalculia

A

difficulty with math

85
Q

what are some implications for treatment for learning disabilities

A

sensory integration, play, solication, and self help, perceptual-motor integration, writing skills, independent living skills, social skills, and devleopment of compenastory adn adaptive techniques.

86
Q

define tourettes syndrome

A

neurologicla disorder

lack of mucle coordination, unvoluntary purposeless movements, tics and incoherent grunts.

87
Q

define trisomy 21

A

short stature and often have small heads hat are flatteend in back; cardiovascular anomalies
atlantoaxial instability that can lead to spinal cord damage.

88
Q

describe OT intervention for trisomy 21

A

feeding support, addressing developmental delays, supporting motor planning and cognitive devleoipment, environmental and trask modification,f amily coaching adnt raining, suport for the devlopment of self-dtermineation skills, prevocational training, supporting devleopment of ADLs/IADLs.

89
Q

define trisomy 12

A

multiple anomalies affecting eyes, ears, nos, lip, plate and digits.

90
Q

define turner’s syndrome

A

webbing or neck, congential edema of the extremities and cardiac problems

91
Q

define cri du chat syndrome

A

weak and catlike cry; microcephaly, down-slanting eyes, cardiac abnormalities and failure to thrive.

92
Q

define klinefelters syndrome

A

learning disabiltiies and emotinal and bheavioral porblems.

93
Q

define fragile x syndrome

A

intellectual disability, craniofacial eformities, elongated face, proimninet jaw, large ears, pes planus hypermobile joints.

94
Q

define neurofibromatosis

A

mild intellectual impairments or learning diabiltiies, speech disorders, short stature and skeletal anomalies

95
Q

define parder willi syndrome

A

present with moderate intelelctual disabilities, food seeking behaviorsm hypotonia, por thermal regulation, underdeveloped sx organs, long face with slanted eyes.

96
Q

define williams syndrome

A

cerebral and cardiovascular abnormlaities.

an ID but characteristic affintiyt for music, social skilsl and writing.

97
Q

define PKU

A

cannot priocess amino acid in proteins. sever intellectual and behavioral difficulties

98
Q

define galactosemia

A

inabilty to convert milk sugar to glucose. symptoms include jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, cataracter, systemic infections.

99
Q

define lesch-nyhan syndrome

A

progressive neuromuscular disease that results in dificulty metabolizing purines.

100
Q

define devleoipmental coordination disorder

A

developmental disorder of motor funciton;. developmental dyspraxia

delayed achievement of motort milestones and basic self care skills.

101
Q

describe implications for OT tx for DCD

A

emphasize improving ocupatiuona lperformance
implement moficiations and accomodations
provuide support in physical education
prmote safe practice of motor skills
provide support for development of good self concept
proviude indivifula intervention of mastery of skills before being ask to perform in front of large group

102
Q

define STORCH

A

syphilis - can get osteochondritis
toxoplasmosis - have ID, CP, seizures, cardiac and liver damge.
other infections
rubella - have ID, hearing loss, CHD
cytomegalovirus - universal precautions. LBW, hearing loss
herpes simplex virus 2 - internal organ lesions and central nervous system damage.

103
Q

define AIDs

A

transmitted to infants by perinatal contact with mother in utero.
can cause chronic respiratory illness, skin infections, and diarrhea are common.
devleopmental delays.
ot intervention includes dedvleopmental assessments and educational support.

104
Q

define encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

signs - fever, headache, dizziness, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, tremors and ataxia.

105
Q

define meningitis

A

infectionnof tissue that covers brain and spinal cord.

106
Q

what are some implications for ot intervention for children with visual impairments

A 
play exploration support
accomodations and modifications for learning.
provude opporunties fo children to leanr
use sensory integrative  therapy
support social particppation
support development self care
devleop tactile and proprioceptive abilities
improve fine motor manipulation
maximuze functional use of vision.
107
Q

desribe implications for ot intervention for hearing impairment

A

use of sensory integrative therapy
support vestibular funciton
maximize use of residual hearing
encourage age-appropriate self care skills
enhance fine motor coordination and skills
maxiomze oral-=motor coordinantion
maximize viual processing, integrationand perception
encourage socialization and peer pinteraction
use backward and forwardchaining.

108
Q

describe the development of prewirint and handwriting in young children

A

age 10-12 months - scribbles
2 years - imitates horizontal, verticle and circular marks
age 3 - copies verticla line, horizontal line and circle
age 4-5 copies cross, right oblique line, square, left diagonal line, left oblizue cross, some letter and numbers; may write own name.
age 5-6 - copies triangle, prints own name, copies most letters.

109
Q

what are benbows developmental classification of factors that are basis of skills hand use

A 
UE support
wrist and hand devleopment
visual control
biteral integration'
spatial analsysi
kinesthesia
110
Q

what are some ot interventions to support development of reading skills

A 
fine motor control
isolated finger movements
prewriting lines and shapes
left-right discimriniation
print orientation
letter discriminiation
111
Q

describe the typical pencil grasp

A

primite grip - whole hand or extended fingers and apronated forearm are used ot hold writin gitensil
transitional grip - writing utensil is held wih gflxed fingers with pronated forearm and radial side down adn then progresses to supinated forearm position
mature grip - stabilzied by distal phalanges of the humbm middle and index finger, ring finger may also be used. wrist is slightly exnteded dna dupinated forearm rest

112
Q

describe functional grips

A

dynamic tripod - pencil rest against distal pahalnx of radial side of middle finger, pads of fingers control movement. thub is opposed to index.

lateral tripod - pencil rest against radial side of middle finger, and pads of ingers contro movement; thumb is not opposed to index finger and rest on distal interphalangeal joint

dynamic quadruped - pencil rests against distal phalanx of radial side of the ring finger, and pads of fingers control movement; thumb is opposed to tindex finger

lateral quadruped - pencil rest against radial side of ring finger, pads of fingers control movment; thumb is not oposed to index finger adn rest on distal interphalangeal joint.

113
Q

what are the components of legibility

A 
letter formation
alignment
spacing
sizing
slant
word legibility formula
114
Q

defikne underractivity

A

hyporesponsivity; children demonstrate pattern that looks as though theyf fail to orient to stimuli

115
Q

define overreactivity

A

children demonsrtate pattern that looks as tshough they overorient to stimuli.

116
Q

define senosry seeking behavior

A

due to hyporesponsivity to a stimuli.

117
Q

children who seek vestibular imput may need what

A

they may need a lot of imput to get going. they are reckless or risk takers

118
Q

children who seek proprioceptive input may need what

A

may need their need met by engaging in rough housing and other activigies that provide deep pressure imput or muscle resistane.

119
Q

define tactile defensiveness

A

extreme reaction or overreaction ot tactile unput

120
Q

define gravitational insecuryity

A

overresponvivity to vestibular input

121
Q

describe interventions for children with sensory integration isisues

A

better organization of adaptive responses to ehnace child;s general behavioral organization
occurs on individual basis.

122
Q

what are the expected outcomes for interventions of children with sensory integration issues

A

increase freqeuncy or duration of adaptive responses
devleolpment of increasingly more complex adaptive responsesimprovement in gross and fine mtor skills
cognitive, language and acadmic performance
self confidence and self esteem
enhancement of ocupational engagement
enhancement of family life.

123
Q

descibe intervention strats for working with children with behavioral disorders

A

goal directed and appropraite for intervention context
take place in natural eniroemnts whenever possible
motigviating and meaikngiful
provide just right challenge
enjoyable for child.
basd on RI
reinforcement of preferred behavior.

124
Q

describe skills realted to dressing by age.

A

1 - pulls of shoes and removes socks.
2 - doff coat, removes shoes, pulls down pants,locates arm holes.
2 1/2 - pull down pants, puts on socks, coat and shirt. undoes large buttons.
3 - don shirt with little assit. put on shoes. put on socks. zip zipper.
3 1/2 - distinguish between front and back of clothing. manage snaps and hooks. unzup zupper. button buttons. put on mittons.
4 - removes pullover garment. buckle buclkes. zip ziupper completey. lace shoes.
4 1/2 - wave belt through belt loops
5 - tie and untie knots.
6 - can tie bows. manage fasteners.

125
Q

describe skills related to tolieting by age.

A

1 - expresses discomfort when diaper is wet or dirty.
1 1/2 can sit on toliet with supervision
2 0 hows interest in tolieting.
2 1/2 - tells someone when having to go to the bathroom. ragular tolieting schedule. wahses hands indepdenently.
3 - goes to bathroom independentl.y assist wih winping.
4-5 - independent with tolieting.

126
Q

describe skills related to mobility by age.

A

age 7 - bear weight through both lower extremities. transition from siting to kneeling.
9 months - able to stand while holding onto surface or a piece of furnites; begins to crawl
age 10 months - taking purposeful steps while hodling on to an adults hands for assistance
age 12 months - begin to walk indepdnently.

NBCOT Study Guide (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions