AOTA Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards
define neurodegenerative disease
progressive and usually chronic conditions resulting from damange to peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, or both
define akinesia
impairment of voluntary and spontaneous movement initiation resuling in feeding, especially during gait activitites
define bradykinesia
slowed motor movements
define dysmetria
decreased coordination of movment
define rigidity
muscle stiffness that impairs movement
define fasciculation
involuintary muscle contraction and relaxation; observed as muscle twitch
define festinating gait
small rapid steps resulting from forward-tilted head and trunk posture
define paresthesia
numbness and tingling because of sensory nerve changes
how do you perform the eval for neurodegenerative diseases
occupational profile
standardized and nonstandardized testing,
observation and inteview
skills assessments
what are some cognitive compensatory strats used with neurodegenerative diseaes
minimize distractions and interruptions during task completion use problem solving techniques use memory aids and written instructions minimize multitasking allow increased time to comlete task
what are some interventions used with neurodegenerative diseaes
cognitive starts, activity strats, role delegation, environmental mods, exercise programs
define MS and its signs and symptoms
chronic, priogressive demyelinating disease of CNS that interferes with axons’ abilty to conduct impulses resulting in impaired nerve conduction and inflammation which causes neurological dysfunction
symptoms - impaired balance and coordination, partial or complete paralysis of a part of the body, muscle weakness, fatigue, intention tremors, dysphagia; paresthesia, vertigo, pain, diplopia, slurred speech, scannig speech, bladder and bowel problems, cognitive issues, emotional symptoms
what is the goal of rehab for MS
minimize severity, amount and length of exaverbations in order to improve funciton.
what are the types of MS
relape-remitting - fluctuating course of relapse with associated neurologic dificits
secondary progress - cessation of fluctations with slow deterioration
secondary progressive with relapses - flucuation with relapses and deterioration
primary progressive - deterioration from beginning
progressive relapsing - progressive with relapses
what are some ot interventions used with MS
vision compensation, sensory compensation, bathroom schedules, body mechanics and yoga, resting splints, activity level diary, ergonomic positioning, cooling techniques, eneregy conservation.
define parkinsons and its signs/symptoms
progressive, variable condition that causes degneration in basal ganglia and substantia nigra with decreased dopamine production.
symptoms - tremor, muscle ridigity or stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instabilty, gait dysfunction, fine motor and bimanual impairments, freezing, cognitive deficits, communication difficulties.
what are the 5 stages of parkinsons disease
1 - unilateral symptoms
2- bilateral symptoms
3 - impaired balance secondary to postural instabilty resulting in mild to moderate impairments inf unction
4 - decrease in postural stability, decrease in function,impaired mobility need tfor assistance with ADLs
5 - total dependence
describe ot interventions used with parkinsons disease
energy conservation caregiver training support and advocacy groups safety considerations feeding and adl adaptations communication adpatations bathroom schedule cognitive adaptations
define ALS and its symptoms
progressive, degenerative disease in which motor neurons in brain, spinal cord and peripheral system are destroyed and replaced by scar tissue
symptoms - moves distal to proximal, lower to upper extremities, spasticity, dysphagia. NOT AFFECTED: cognition, sensation, vision, and hearing and bowels.
what are the six stages of ALS
1 - can walk, some weaknes, indepenedent with ADLs
2 - person can walk and has moderate wekaness
3 - person can walk but has severe weakness
4 - person requires wheelchair for mobilty, needs some assistance with ADls and has severe weakness in legs
5 - person requires wheelchair for mobilty, depenedent for ADls and has severe weakness in extremities
6 - person is confinsed to bed and depednent for ADLs and most self-care task
what are some OT interventions used for ALS
compensatory activities home safety eval exercise dysphagia education and techniques decrease physical demands work with client during stage and what they need
define gillian barre syndrome and its symtpoms
inflammatory disease that causes demyelination of axons in pheriphal nerves.
symptoms - pain, fatigue, edema, absence of deep tendon relfex, mild sensory less in hands/legs, bladder dysfunction
what are the three phases of GBS
onset and acute stage - acute weakness in at least 2 extremities that advances and reaches max in 2-4 weeks
plateau - most dibiltating symptoms. no change in symptoms
recovery - remyelination and axonal regeneration occurs over long period.
describe the eval process in the three phases
in acute, occupational profile, interest and roles.
plateau phase, screen and eval occur in ICU. assesments cover communication, control of physical engironment, comfort, and positioning and anxiety managmgene.t
in recoery phase, eval focuses on mobility, self care and ADLs, communication, leisure, and workplace and community reintergration.
what is the internvetion plan for plateau phae of GBS
modifications are deemed tempoeray
develop and train client in use of communcatio tools
environmental modifications
adjustment of supione and sitting positions
positioning
educations
what is the intervention for recovery phase of GBS
splinting, mobilty with assist, modified techniques for self care, commucbnation, AE education, energy conservation, home assessment.
define huntingtons disease and its symptoms
hereditary neurological disorder that leads to severe physical and mental disabilities. progressuive lslowing of nerve cells in brain that affet movement, cognition, emotions and behavior
symptoms - motor difficulties, cognitive and behavioral abilities,
what are the different ypes of involuntary movement patterns found in huntingtons disease
choreiform
chorea - rapid, unvoluntary iurregular movements
akathsiai - motor restlessness
dystonia - abnormal, sustained posturing
what are the different voluntary movement patterns found in huntington’s disease
bradykinesia
akinesia - delayed initiation of movement
incoordinations
what are some ot interventions for the early stages of huntingtons disease
cognitive and emotinal disability strats, includuing word associations, sequencing, and daily routines.
motor disability modifications
safety modifications
what are some ot interventions for the middle stages of huntingtons disease
engagement in purpoiseful activities caregiver education simple cues assistive tech positioning
what are some ot intervenntions for the final stages of huntingtons disease
splinting
environmental contorls
daily schedules
smooth transtitions
what are the different types of dementia?
alzheimers - progressive impairment of memory, executive function, attention, language, visual processing and praxis
vascular - cognitive decline similar to alzeimers with less memory involvement, gait disturbances, abrupt of stpewise decline.
frontotemporal - progressive aphasia, corticobasal syndrome, or symptoms similiar to AD or parkinsons disease
lewy body - progressive deficits in attention and executive function, meory impairment, fluctuating cognition, visual halluciations, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and falls.
what are the primary signs and symptoms of dementia
memory impairment cognitive deficits poor judgement anxiety psychotic symptoms motor deficits symptom severity
describe the early stage of dementia
adls remain intact first signs of memory loss affects orientation to place IADLs are impaired. withdraw from social participation
describe the middle stage of dementia
impairments in all occupations
simple home management task can be done with assistance
safety is major concern
limited social participation
describe the late stags of dementia
all area of occupation are lost
person is depednent in all ADLs
can no longer ambulate safely
what are the 6 levles of allens cognitive disabilities theory
1 - automatic actions; requires total cognitive assistance. constant 24 hour supervision.
2 - postural actions; requires maximum cognitive assitance. one step, imiated, near reflexive and familiar actions. requires aroudn the clock supervision
3 - manual actions; requires moderative cognitive assisstance. tactile cueing. one step familiar and action orientated motor actions. avoid sensory overload; requires 24 hour supervision.
4 - goal directed activity; requires minimum cognitive assist. 2 or three step activities. simple, concerete, and supportive activities. needs 24 hour supervision.
5 - exploratory actions. caregiver standby or supervision needed for cognitive asist. learns through visibilem, concrete and meanigniful stimuli. follow fourto five step process and learn new concerete ideas.
6 - planned actions; normally independent.
