AOTA Burns Flashcards
How do you classify burns?
By size, depth and mechanism of burn.
How do you classify burn size?
For adults - rule of 9s.
For children - Lund-Browder chart.
How do you classify burn depth?
Superficial, Superficial partial-thickness, Deep partial thickness, full-thickness, subdermal
Describe superficial burns
invovles superficial epidermis
pain is minimal to moderate; no blistering or erythema
healing time = 3-7 days
describe superficial partial-thicness burn
involves epidermis and upper dermis layers
pain is significant; wet blistering and erythema are present
healing time = 1-3 weeks
describe deep partial-thickness burns
involves epidermis and deep dermis layers, hair follicles and sweat glands
pain is severe, even to light touch
erythema is present, with or without blisters
burn has high risk of turning into full-thickness burn because of innfection; grafting may be considered to prevent wound infection
client may have impairment of sensation
potential for hypertrophic scarring is nhigh
healing time = 3-5 weeks.
describe full thickness burns
involves epidermis and dermis, hair folllices, sweat glands, and nerve endings
burn is pain free, no sensation to light touch
burn is pale and nonblanching
requires skin graft
potential for hypertrophic scar is extremely high
describe subdermal burn
full thickness burn with damage to underlying tissue such as fat, muscles and bone
charring is present;may have exposed fat tendons, or muscles
if burn is electrical, destruction of nerve along pathway is present
peripheral nerve damage is significant
requires surgical intervention for wound closure OR amputation
potential for hypertrophic scar is extremely high
describe the mechanisms of burns
thermal - heat, cold, scald or flame
radiation - sunburn, x rays, radiation therapy for cancer patients
chemical - acid, alkali;
electricla burn - high voltage versus low voltage
describe the three phases of medical management
emergent
acute
rehab
describe the emergent phase of rehab
0-72 hours after injury
Medical treatment focuses on sustaining life, controlling infection, managing pain
describe the acute phase of rehab
72 hours after or until wound is closed.
treatment focuses on infection control, pain management
describe the rehab phase of rehab for burns
medical treatment such as skin grafts and reconstruction as needed for movement/function
describe the OT eval and intervention during the emergent phase
eval: clinical observations of joints affected by burns, information gathering on PLOF.
intervention: splinting in antideformity positions
describe the OT eval and intervention during the acute phase
eval: ADLs, psychosocial aspects, communication, cognition, ROM, muscle strength, and pain.
Intervention: splinting and positioning in antideformity positions, edema management, early participation in ADLs, client and caregiver education
