Anytime (perman done) (10.8) Flashcards
to know which reactant in heme synthesis is able to absorb light…what do you have to know
porphyrin absorbs light
LCAT converts nascent HDL to mature HDL via what mec
esterify cholesterol
ETF function
needed in first step in beta oxidation
what marks the transition from retroperitoneal duodenum to intraperitoneal jejunum
suspensory ligament of duodenum
what ligament attaches the left colic flexure to the diaphragm
phrenicocolic ligament
circular folds
- what are they
- where
invaginations of mucosal lining in DD
what is a barium swallow
patient swallows barium
so that you can visualize the esophagus in a radiograph
esophageal hiatus is found in what organ
diaphragm
diverticula can (verb) arteries, leading to hemorrhage
erode
what diseases are linked to Xanthoma
- chylomicronemia
- type 1 glycogen storage disease (also leads to fatty buildup on liver)
CETP function
transfers VLDL TAG to HDL
transfers HDL cholesterol ester to VLDL
which apo mediates chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver
which Apo is linked to aterosclerosis
liver-Apo E
ath-Apo A
familial hyper cholestero lemia is caused by
LDL receptor mutation
total cholesterol eq
VLDL + LDL + HDL
lab values for
CM VLDL IDL - skip LDL HDL
CM -TG VLDL - TG IDL LDL - total cholesterol (indirectly measured) HDL - directly measured
LDL clearance problem is due to what things
dyslipidemia is caused by what things
LDL receptor defect
Apo B 100 problem
dys 1 mutation in lipase 2 mut in Apo B 100 3 mut in LDL R 4 mut in Apo C 2
% values for what defines dyslipidemia
cholesterol, TG, LDL are over 90%
HDL is below 10%
why does HDL have an anti atherogenic effect
excess cholesterol is dumped onto HDL
tongue is derived from what kind of derm
pharyngeal endoderm
periodontal ligament attaches what to what
tooth to bone
dentin is from what derm
neural crest
enamel is from what derm
ectoderm
papilla is from what derm
neural crest
read: papilla comprises pulp
which cells have tomes fibers
tomes processes
fibers - odontoblast
pro - ameloblast
the terms mucous and serous are classifying what
acini glandular cell
in salivary gland
in liver, glucose transport is controlled by (insulin/glucose)
how about in muscle
liver - glucose (LG)
muscle - insulin
PLP, biotin, THF, SAM, THB are cofactors in AA (anabolism/cata)
catabolism
centroacinar cell is found in what organ
pancreas
insulin vs. glucagon and ??
epinephrine
congenital lactic acidosis is due to
1 already know about the genetic pathway (mother mito gene etc)
2 def in pyruvate dehydrogenase (norm: py -> ACA)
cannot use pyruvate so lactate compensates
what causes sudden infant death syndrome
what causes severe combined immunodef disease
SIDS - infant - MCAD
SCID - immunodef - ADA
which disease is always part of the newborn screen
PKU
which of the proteins mentioned in Winkler’s lecture has the shortest half life?
longest?
short - retinol binding protein
longest - albumin
folds in SI are called what
plicae
is spleen considered part of the foregut
NO
fuels of hepatic GNG
lactate (glucose)
alanine (AA)
glycerol (fat)
there’s only one vein in the adrenal gland (vs three arteries)
name the vein
suprarenal vein
what ligaments form the openings for the psoas major muscle
how about for quadratus lumborum muscle?
psoas - medial arcuate ligament
q - lateral AL
surgeons can repair an aneurysm - how
detailed
1 open the aneurysm, insert a graft, and sew back the wall of ab aorta
2 catheter
median um fold/ligament is formed by what
urachus
decreased muscle mass indicator
low creatine
in urine
LPL def symptom
elevated TG
Pompe disease mec and symptom
glycogen degraded in lysosomes via acid maltase/lysosomal glucosidase
def in enzyme (acid maltase)
neonatal cardiomyopathy
mec of homo cystinuria
def in cystathionine synthase
most common heme synthesis defect
P cutanea tarda
PCT
read: def in ferrochelatase = disease is called erythropoetic porphyria
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