Anytime (done perman) (m-10.7) Flashcards
pulp originates from what derm
neural crest
tomes fibers is part of (ameloblast or odontoblast)
od
know: ameloblast extend Tomes process
the gallbladder lacks what things
lacks muscularis mucosa
lacks submucosa
function of cells of ito
store fats
serous vs mucous are categories of WHAT
types of acini glandular cells in the salivary gland
name types of specialized ducts related to salivary glands
tell me their functions
1 intercalated - adds bicarbonate
2 striated - removes Na
in the pancreas, what structure (exactly) secretes bicarbonate
duct cell
read: acinar just secretes enzymes
name the pt at which the SM and IM (m=mesenteric) anastomose
marginal artery
risk of hiatal hernia is increased by weakness is which muscle
weakness in right crus of diaphragm
describe path of anastomosis of the superior mesenteric and inferior mesen arteries
SM -> middle colic -> marginal -> IM -> left colic
what causes the spincter of oddi to relax
What happens when sphincter of oddi relaxes
CCK from intestines
allows bile from GB and stuff from pancreas (digestive enzymes and BC) to flow into DD
ATP is considered (chemical/electrochemical) energy
ATP - chemical
NADH - EC
gastrin stimulates what
stimulates the parietal cell
glandular cell in fundus and body of stomach
paneth cell function
contains lysozyme and defensin
Which part of digestive system has crypts
SI paneth
LI
which crypt has villi
SI or LI
small
Brunner’s gland function
found in duodenum
-produce bicarbonate
which pathway is associated with malonyl coA
fatty acid synthesis
insulin stimulates glucose uptake MOSTLY where (in other words, excess glucose is mostly stored here)
skeletal muscle
carb can be converted to glycogen, skeletal muscle, or fat
what’s the second most versatile kind of category
protein
can be converted to skm or fat
insulin is made by what organ
pancreas
in ascites, what cavity is distended
peritoneal cavity
read: hexokinase functions at max velocity regardless of glucose [ ]
-
pyruvate -> PD -> ACA
what is a product of this eq other than ACA
product NADH
What are the three AA associated with the de/phosphorylation pathway
Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine
going down the arteries on the ab aorta, what comes after lumbar, common iliac, ??
inf epigastric
before the inferior phrenic VEIN on IVC, there exists ??
hepatic vein
alanine is the transfer form of nitrogen from AA
alanine in the liver undergoes rxn cat by ALT
in this rxn alanine -> what
becomes glutamate
read: glutamate then becomes aspartate, which enters the urea cycle
last step is arginine etc
malonyl coA inhibits what enzyme
CPT 1 (carnitine), which is involved in fatty acid oxi
pyruvate dehydrogenase requires cofactors
is it NAD or NADH
oxidized form - NAD
”” fatty acids are bound to albumins
unesterified
rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of 3 muscles
1 ext oblique
2 int oblique
3 transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis muscle runs from where to where
from pubic bone
to: bottom of sternum
names of colic flexures (right and left)
right - hepatic flexure
left - splenic flexure
phenyalanine -> tyrosine -> homogentisic acid -> fumarate
but tyrosine can also become these things
list them out
tyrosine -> dopamine -> NE -> E
diastasis recti forms where
along linea alba
does the indirect inguinal hernia push directly THRU the ab wall
no
this is a characteristic reserved for the direct inguinal hernia
which salivary gland produces saliva
submandibular
if beta oxidation is slowed, then (alpha/gamma) oxidation will be favoured
gamma
( ? ) oxidation is used for FA that CANNOT be beta oxidized
alpha
