Anytime (done perman) (m-10.6) Flashcards
in glycogen synthesis, to go from G 6 P to G 1 P, what enzyme do you need?
how about for pentose phosphate pathway
how about for glycogen 1 storage disease
NONE
pp-need G6PD (deh); mn=forms naDph
g1-mut in G 6 phosphatase (norm: G6p -> g6p p -> glucose)
purine vs pyrimidine
how many rings does each have
pu = 2
py = 1 ring
What effect does declining kidney function have on serum creatinine?
Less renal excretion causes serum creatinine to rise.
which pathways occur both in the mito and cytosol
heme synthesis
urea cycle
GNG
(hugs takes two)
what’s the rate determining enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis
carbamoyl phosphate synthase 2
anaerobic glycolysis produces # ATP per glucose
2 ATP (net)
biotin is a carrier for what
C02
hexo vs glucokinase
- location
- Km
- induced by insulin
- feedback inhibited by G6P
Location
- h: most tissues
- gl: liver
Km
-h: lower (higher affinity therefore active)
Insulin
- h: NO
- g is opp
Feed…
-h: yes
in gastric bypass/roux en Y, do you remove anything?
NO
actual: bypass most of stomach, DD, and first part of jeju
what’s the surgery where you remove MOST of stomach and DD
bilio pancreatic diversion
what does medical history comprise
CC to sexual history
AND review of systems
list out the anthropometric measurements
- weight
- height
- BMI
- waist and hip circumference
% ideal body weight is obese
how about mild malnutrition
o = over 150%
mm= around 80%
what’s the % weight loss that is the default CONCERN #
what places in body do you check when you assess muscle loss due to malnutrition
10% or higher
interosseous muscle
temple muscle
what’s the BMI cutoff for MALNUTRITION
less than 18.5
dif bt wasting and shunting
w - not heavy enough
s - not tall enough
what happens to the shoulders when you are starved
become squared
when thumb and forefinger are put together, what are you looking at
look at interosseous muscle
-it should be flat
scooped look means malnourished
at what other location do you look at to detect malnutrition (in terms of muscle)
TEMPLE
if mal, will have wrinkles (severe will have a SCOOP) in temple
a starving person’s oral cavity will have these characteristics
1 dryness leading to cracks (read: no saliva)
2 fissures
what does candidiasis look like
look at back of throat
at the arch, you see white spots (looks like cancer)
how calculate % IBW
(actual weight / IBW) x 100
how calculate % weight loss
(usual body weight - actual body weight) / (usual body weight)
x 100
SGA stands for
specific vs sensitive
subjective global assessment
sp > sen
define SGA
assess weight loss
what are the three categories that patients are placed into (in SGA)
1 well nourished
2 suspected maln
3 severely maln
to be classified as “malnourished” you have to be positive for # out of 6 characteristics
2 (wow! that’s a low threshold)
prealbumin function and manifests in what disease/condition
binds thyroxine
high in kidney failure
The anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries provides an anastomosis between what areas
why is this imp to know
Bt subclavian artery and external iliac artery
this anastomosis provides blood flow from subclavian to lower limb
name the only purely ketogenic AA
lysine
leucine
pentose phosphate happens MORE in these places
fatty acid synthesis
- breasts
- liver
RBC
pyruvate -> OAA enzyme
py -> ACA enzyme
to OAA - p carboxylase
to ACA - p dehydrogenase
what forms caput medusae
small epigastric veins
surgeons can repair an aneurysm via
1) graft (is an external thing that is placed on the aorta to reinforce it)
2) catheter (tube is inserted)
