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Block 3 > 9-1 (perman done) > Flashcards

9-1 (perman done) Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the prob of an obese person losing enough weight to be non obese

A

less than 5%

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2
Q

in recent years, obesity has come to be seen as what kind of disease

pathway

A

inflammatory disease

adipose tissue expands beyond blood supply -> hypoxia -> inflammatory response -> inf mediators can induce insulin resistance

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3
Q

def epigenetics

A

study of heritable characteristics that are indep of DNA sequence

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4
Q

interesting observation about babies born to WW2 mothers who starved

imp of study

A

babies had MORE:

  • obesity, diabetes
  • heart disease

prenatal factors can induce epigenetic changes that predispose ppl to a condition

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5
Q

read: obese during preg -> gestational diabetes -> child has obesity

A

-

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6
Q

only effective way to lose weight is

A

achieve negative energy balance

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7
Q

how has diet changed since 1970 (% wise)

A

50% MORE in all categories

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8
Q

read: qualities of fad diet

1 fast 
2 limit nutrients
3 celeb in their ads 
4 products are sold along with diet 
5 promotion is critical of scientific evidence
A

-

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9
Q

Paleo diet def

A

diet of ancestors

  • berries
  • meat
  • animal fat

NO farmed (goal is pre agricultural) and processed foods

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10
Q

are vegetarian diets “fad” diets

A

no

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11
Q

which diet is high carb, low fat

A

Omish

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12
Q

what is the most famous low carb diet

A

Atkins

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13
Q

read: for a diet, you decide to reduce a macronutrient (ie carb or fat)

but it turns out, it doesn’t matter which you inhibit; you lose weight either way

A

-

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14
Q

read: health benefits of olive oil
- reduced heart disease
- lower breast cancer
- lower neurodegeneration

A

-

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15
Q

what type of olive oil is the healthy kind

A

extra virgin

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16
Q

what’s the largest fat constituent of olive oil

A

oleic

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17
Q

want to lose weight - should you snack?

A

NO

lower food quantity means more efficient at calorie conversion so snacking actually means a good amount of calories

18
Q

you want to keep your REE as low as possible while you are on a diet

which should you reduce (fat/carb/protein)

A

reduce fat

19
Q

REL of heart disease and breakfast and late night eating

A

skipping breakfast = 30% higher risk

eat late at night = 50% higher risk

20
Q

WHAT changes as a result of

  • breast vs formula feeding
  • use of antibiotics
  • eating processed foods
A

microbiome

21
Q

antibiotic exposure during early years was associated with (inc/dec) body mass in healthy children

A

inc

22
Q

def GMO

A

dna was altered in lab

23
Q

are GMOs safe? (scientific evi)

A

yes - safe

24
Q

(T/F) drinking coffee = lower mortality

A

false

25
Q

what’s the dif bt relative and absolute risk

A

ex: risk dropped from 2 per 100 ppl to 1/100

ab risk = 1%
(99% of ppl did not benefit from drug)

relative risk = 50%

26
Q

dietary fad can be trying to prevent obscure diseases

ex

A

celiac disease (gluten sensitivity) occurs in 1% of pop

27
Q

read: food labelling is misleading
ex: writes 0% trans fat but there is actually some hydrogenated oils

A

-

28
Q

name the gov food labeling campaign

A

smart choices

29
Q

what’s the most prevalent med implication of BMI over 30

A

diabetes

30
Q

Which state has the lowest rate of obesity

highest

A

Colorado

hi-West Virginia and Mississippi

31
Q

when are you eligible for bariatric surgery

A

severely obese (BMI 35-40) WITH obesity related co morbidities

morbidly obese (BMI over 40)

32
Q

read: to be eligible for bariatric surgery, you have to prove that you tried multiple times to lose weight

A

-

33
Q

what nutrient are you likely to be deficient in after a bariatric surgery

A

protein

34
Q

list some LATE post operative gastric bypass complications

A
  • wound hernia (read: also breakdown of staple line; read: ulcer at anastomosis)
  • nutritional problems
35
Q

rank the weight loss surgeries in order of MOST weight loss to least

A

1 BPD (most)
2 roux en Y/GB
3 sleeve g
4 lap band

36
Q

weight loss after gastric bypass peaks when

A

peaks at 18 months POST surgery

0-18 months: increases steadily (inc in amount of weight lost)

37
Q

foregut theory

give ex of effect

A

take out things that usually caused insulin DE sensitivity or dec insulin secretion

ex: stim L cell -> inc GLP (glucagon like peptide) secretion -> inc insulin release

38
Q

hindgut theory

give ex of effect

A

direct delivery of food to jejunum triggers factors that enhance insulin secretion

ex: stim L cell -> inc GLP secretion -> inc insulin release

39
Q

what’s the only hormone I need to know from this lecture

A

GLP 1

  • induces insulin release
  • secreted by intestines
40
Q

which form of DEATH due to malnutrition (starvation/chronic disease/acute disease) OCCURS the fastest?

A

acute

Block 3 (12 decks)

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