4-1 (done perman) Flashcards
Which part of fatty acid is hydrophilic
COO-
Free fatty acids are stored as what
TRI-ACYL-GLYCEROL
TAGs are (soluble or not) in water
not soluble
How are TAGs transported in blood
which other are transported in same way
packaged in lipoprotein
cholesterol
lipoprotein
- core (what is here)
- shell (what is here)
2 examples each
- hydrophobic core (TAG and cholesterol)
- outer shell of amphipathic molecules (unesterified cholesterol and apo-lipo-protein)
cholesterol and fatty acid chain are attached to the # OH end by ?? enzyme
3
ACAT
MN: attaches chain at three
cholesterol is important for what three things
- bile
- steroid
- cell memebrane
BaSiC
(liver/muscle) glycogen will be exported to other tissues
OPP: this glycogen is used locally only
BUT where is glycogen mostly synthesized after a meal
liver-other
muscle-local
mostly syn-skeletal muscle
what’s the function of glycogenin
it is a core primer protein for glycogen
arachidonic has # carbons and # double bonds
a-20 c and 4 db
phosphorylase is specific for a 1 # glycosidic bonds
4
phosphorylase is (active/inactive) when phosphorylated
opp for synthase
p-Active
s-Inactive
glucose is (activatory/inhibitory) when it is the end product of glycogen breakdown
INH
which pathway among all the pathways we’ve learned about involves cascade amplification
glycogen metabolism
which pathway involves reciprocal regulation
glycogen metabolism
what’s the most common enzyme def in humans
G 6 P D def
GAG are composed of “” units
how long can they be
repeating disaccharide
over 100 sugars
GAG are/are not slippery
therefore they are good for what
slippery
serve as body fluids
In most cases, GAGs are found in what form
proteoglycan
example of proteglycan and its importance in body
CHON-DRO-I-TIN sulfate
composes cartilage
which disease is a major target for gene therapy research
mucopolysaccharidoses (bc they are enzyme disorders)
how are proteoglycan and glycoprotein DIFFERENT
glycoprotein are often linked to what groups
Glycoprotein has shorter carb chains
asparagine (N linked)
serine or threonine (O linked)
read: process of carb attaching to proteins is called glycosylation
-
Which organ has zymogen granules
pancreas
pancreas is breaking down and is unhealthy…what do you detect in blood
lipase and amylase
other than produce bile AND store glycogen, liver synthesizes what proteins
clotting factor and albumin
function of canaliculi
carries bile (read: eventually forms bile ductules)
Gallbladder muscularis contracts in response to what hormone
CCK (read: then sends bile into common bile duct)
Palmitic fat has # carbons
16 c
Which organ has NO muscularis mucosa and NO sub-mucosa
Gallbladder
HDL has what type of Apo (other than C2 and E)
Apo A 1
not Apo B 100
INDICATOR of decreased muscle mass
INDICATOR of liver damage
low urine creatinine
liver-high AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and high ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)
salivary glands produce what two enzymes
1 kallikrein (converts kininogen to bradykinin, a vasodilator) 2 amylase (carb digestion)
Linoleic has # carbons and # double bonds
Lino lenic ?
leic = 18 C and 2 DB
lenic = 18 C and 3 DB
