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Block 3 > Anytime (done perman) (m-10.4) > Flashcards

Anytime (done perman) (m-10.4) Flashcards

1
Q

PKU: pathway

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes PA -> tyrosine

no PAH
up PA

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2
Q

Alkaptonuria pathway

A

Tyrosine -> homogentisic acid
HGA -> (HGA oxidase) -> fumarate

HGA oxidase def
HGA up

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3
Q

Maple syrup urine disease pathway

A

BCCA breakdown cat by BC ketoacid dehydrogenase

X BCKD
up BCAA

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4
Q

Which disease is most severe to brain (tremor, slurred speech, blurred vision)

A

Hyper ammonia

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5
Q

hyperammonia genetic mec

A

ornithine trans carbamoylase def

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6
Q

fructose metabolism rxn

A

f -> fk -> f 1 p -> aldolase -> glyceraldehyde 3 p -> glycolysis

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7
Q

pentose phosphate rxn

A

G 6 p -> g 6 p dehydrogenase (rle) -> NADPH + ribose 5 p

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8
Q

HDL: reverse transport of cholesterol from periphery to liver using what enzyme

A

LCAT

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9
Q

how treat dys lipi demia?

A

give statin (blocks HMG coa reductase) -> reduce cholesterol

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10
Q

list the major salivary glands and whether they are serous, mixed, or mucous

A

Parotid - serous
Sub mandibular - mixed
sub lingual - mucous

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11
Q

histamine, creatine, and 5-HT are products of what rxn

mediated by what enz

A

rxn: decarboxylation
enz: pyridoxal phosphate

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12
Q

indicator of liver damage

A

AST
ALT

asparate
alanine
aminotransferase

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13
Q

congenital lactic acidosis symptom in urine

A

inc fumarate and AKG

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14
Q

which disease is linked to non ketotic hypoglycemia

A

MCAD

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15
Q

SCID is caused by what def

A

adenosine deaminase def

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16
Q

flurouracil mec

A

inhibits thymidylate synthase (blocks dUMP to dTMP)

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17
Q

ileal diverticulum is what

A

remnant of yolk stalk

read: pain similar to append.

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18
Q

pain from appendicitis results from what

A

irritation of parietal peritoneum lining in the posterior ab wall

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19
Q

which diseases cause RBC to lyse bc they lack a key energy source

A

pyruvate kinase def

hemolytic anemia

20
Q

describe mec of hemolytic anemia

A 
def G 6 P dehydrogenase 
(cat G 6 P + NADP -> NADPH)

no NADPH means no detox in RBC

anemia

21
Q

hemolytic anemia crises occur when

A

when exposed to

  • antibiotic
  • antimalarial
  • antipyretic
  • beans
22
Q

galactosemia mec

causes what symptoms

A

def of G 1 P uridyl transferase

baby liver disease and sepsis

23
Q

arsenic poisoning mec

Which disease is associated with Xanthoma?

A

inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

type 1 glycogen storage disease

24
Q

congenital lactic acidosis cause 2

A

def in pyruvate dehydrogenase
(normal: pyruvate -> ACA)
Pathway in diseased person: glucose -> pyruvate (low G, high pyruvate) -> but cannot use pyruvate -> lactate compensates (high lactate)

25
Q

two way flow occurs in hepatic vessel (be specific)

A

cystic duct

26
Q

draw out pyrimidine synthesis rxn

A

glutamine -> via carbamoyl phosphate synthase 2 (RLE) -> CP -> orotate (final added to PRPP) -> OMP -> UMP -> UDP -> UTP -> glutamine donates AA -> CTP

27
Q

foregut: sympathetic innervation

mid

hind

A

greater splanchnic -> celiac ganglia

mid: lesser s -> sup mesenteric gang
h: lumbar s -> IMG

28
Q

which organ starts off as two separate buds, but one swings around 180 and joins with the second bud to form the organ (on the dorsal side)

A

pancreas

29
Q

Type 1 glycogen storage disease caused by

A

def G 6 phosphatase
norm: G6P -> glucose
low glucose means get diabetes symptoms

30
Q

name the three drugs that are associated with THF/folate

A

methotrexate
flurouracil
solfonamide

31
Q

allopurinol is used to treat what disease

A

Gout

32
Q

Hartnup’s disease mec

A 
def tryptophan (resembles pellagra) 
(norm: try -> niacin)
33
Q

biosynthesis of non essential AA is accomplished via what type of rxn

A

trans animation

34
Q

Vitamin B6 is involved in what rxn (MAIN)

A

AA 1 + AKA 2 -> via B6/pyridoxal phosphate -> alpha keto acid 1 + AA 2

35
Q

nitrogen is transported to liver via what

peripheral tissue uses what as its carrier
how about muscle

A

carrier mol (created via transamination)

Peri-glutamine
mus-alanine

36
Q

which pathways use uridyltransferase

A 
1 glycogenesis (G6P -> G1P -> via UDT -> UDP G -> via G synthase -> glycogen) 
2 galactose metabolism (Galactose 1 P -> via UDT -> glucose 1 P)
37
Q

which pathway uses citrate as its first step

A

fatty acid synthesis

38
Q

which pathway uses HMG coA synthase

A

ketogenesis

39
Q

the “tube” that is the intestine rotates around what thing (like an axis)

final form is the twisted mass that is the intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

40
Q

write out pyrimidine synthesis

A

glutamine -> carbamoyl phosphate synthase 2 -> carbamoyl phosphate -> orotate -> OMP -> UMP -> UDP -> UTP -> glutamine donates amino group -> CTP

41
Q

acini cells produce enzymes that are released in response to what chemical

A

CCK

42
Q

CCK is secreted by (what) cells (letter in alphabet)

A

I as in ice cream

43
Q

types of cells in exocrine pancreas

function

A
  • ductal (secrete bicarbonate in response to secretin)

- centroacinar (just a ductal cell in center of acinus)

44
Q

three things in portal triad in liver: hepatic artery, bile duct, and portal vein

which of these goes OUT of the liver

A

bile duct

45
Q

describe the VENOUS pathway thru liver and after it

A

portal vein goes into liver
in liver, portal vein goes to central vein
leaving the liver: CV -> hepatic vein -> IVC

46
Q

name all the things that can inhibit things in the ETC

A

aspirin - inhibits proton gradient across IMM

rotenone - inh complex 1

cyanide, CO, sodium azide - inh complex 4

oligomycin - inh ATP synthase

Block 3 (12 decks)

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