5-1 (done perman) Flashcards
CCK and secretin is secreted by what organ
duodenum
CCK is released in response to 1
secretin ? 2
CCK and secretin signal for the release of 3
1-fats and proteins
2-stomach acid
3-pancreatic zymogen (inactive enzyme precursor)
name pancreatic zymogens (4)
activated by what
Trypsin[ogen] - enteropeptidase
Trypsin activates all below:
Chymotrypsin[ogen]
[Pro]Elastase
[Pro]Carboxy-peptidase A + B
AA transport into ENTEROCYTES (in intestine) is linked to what
-two categories
[Na] for single AA
H+ for di and tripeptides
protein turnover (replace old/misfolded)
RATE? (g/day)
400 g/day
what the dif bt essential and non essential AA
essential has to be obtained thru diet
list out your essential AA (there is MN)
Any help in learning these little molecules proves truly valuable
Arginine Histidine Isoleucine Lysine Threonine Leucine Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Valine
AA can be used for GNG or ketogenesis - how
deaminate AA
use their carbon skeleton
1 -> 2 -> serine -> cysteine
1 methionine
2 homocysteine
1 -> tyrosine
1 phenylalanine
What’s dif between glutamate and glutamine
mine - amino group
serine vs cysteine
cy - SH
SAM’s other name
AdoMet
1 what forms SAM
2 SAM function
1) methionine -> SAM
2) SAM donates carbon to substrates
”” transfers carbons in intermediate oxidation states
THF
histamine is a vasodilator or constrictor
dilator
histamine mediates that kinds of rxn
allergic
histamine is synthesized from what
histidine
serontonin function
1 pain
2 sleep
serontonin is synthesized from what
tryptophan
creatine is formed from what
arginine and glycine
what is a marker for muscle damage in the BLOOD
creatine kinase
histamine, creatine, and serontonin are products of what rxn (mediated by what enzyme)
decarboxylation
mediated by pyridoxal phosphate
”” are used for diagnosis of heart attack
myocardial isoforms
failing kidney function INDICATOR
high serum creatinine
INDICATOR of decreased muscle mass
INDICATOR of liver damage
low urine creatinine
liver-high AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and high ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)
how many ATP can you get from NADH
3 ATP
most AA are broken down in what organ of body
however branched chain amino acids are degraded where 2
liver
2-muscle
BCAA include what AA
isoleucine
valine
leucine
function of glutamate dehydrogenase
deanimates glutamate, which frees nitrogen for urea cycle (in liver) or urine (in kidney)
read: but in rest of body, GD catalzyes the opposite rxn
