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Psychiatric Nursing > ANXIETY DISORDERS > Flashcards

ANXIETY DISORDERS Flashcards

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1
Q

Diagnosed when anxiety becomes chronic and permeates major portions of a person’s life

A

Anxiety Disorders

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2
Q

Most cases appear in childhood and adolescence

A

Anxiety Disorders

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3
Q

Anxiety that is chronic, excessive, and unreasonable and may concern everyday events, such as work or school.

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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4
Q

Often co-exists with other mental disorders

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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5
Q

High risk for suicide

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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6
Q

What’s the exact cause of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

unknown

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7
Q

Predisposing Factors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

-Genetic
-Increased activity in the amygdala
-Dysregulation in the GABA- Norepinephrine, Serotonin- Glutamate system

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8
Q

Diagnostic Criteria of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive worry and anxiety at least 50% of the time for 6 months or more.

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9
Q

Accompanying Manifestations of Generalized Anxiety Disorders

A

-Uneasiness
-Irritability
-Muscle tension
-Fatigue
-Difficulty thinking
-Sleep alteration

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10
Q

Medical Management for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

-Escitalopram (Lexapro)
-A primary treatment for GAD

-Buspirone (BuSpar)

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11
Q

Escitalopram (Lexapro) Classification and its side effects

A

-Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake (SSRI)
-S/E: dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, confusion, seizures

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12
Q

Buspirone (BuSpar) class and its side effects

A

-Class: Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
-S/E: nausea, headache, dizziness, nervousness/excitement
-Caution: -Emphasize avoidance of alcohol intake
- Inform patient that it may take up to 2-4 weeks before effects are seen.

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13
Q

Management- Milieu of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

-Cognitive therapy
-Recreational activities - to help reduce tension and anxiety
-Relaxation exercises and tapes, meditation, and biofeedback - these decreases tension and promote relaxation and comfort
-Group therapy - Focuses on stress management, problem solving, self- esteem, assertiveness, and goal setting

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14
Q

Management- Nursing of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

-Provide a calm and quiet environment
-Ask patient to identify what and how they feel
-Encourage patient to describe and discuss their feelings
-Help patient identify possible cause of feelings
-Listen carefully for patients’ expression of helplessness and hopelessness
-Directly ask patient whether they feel suicidal or have plans to hurt themselves
-Plan and involve patients in activities such as going for walks or playing recreational games

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15
Q

Recurrent panic attacks and persistent worry about having more attacks

A

Panic Disorder

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16
Q

It occurs even without a life-threatening situation

A

Panic Disorder

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17
Q

Predisposing factor of panic disorders

A

Genetics

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18
Q

Precipitating Factor of Panic Disorder

A

Life Stressors

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19
Q

Diagnostic Criteria of Panic Disorder

A

-Panic attacks of 15 to 30 minutes, followed by at least one (1) month of persistent concern about future attacks

-Somatic symptoms (Fight- or- flight response)
-Avoidance behavior

20
Q

Fear of being outside

A

Agoraphobia

21
Q

Causes the person to be homebound

A

Agoraphobia

22
Q

Management of Panic Disorder

A

-Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
(First- line treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia)

-Gross motor activities
(used when anxiety levels has moved down to further decreased tension and anxiety)

23
Q

Medical Management of Panic Disorder

A

-Benzodiazepines for immediate relief of panic
Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Valium)

-S/E: Sedation, psychomotor impairment, depression, amnesia, agitation, dependence

24
Q

A drug that is commonly used for the long-term treatment of panic symptoms

A

-SSRs
- Escitalopram (Lexapro), Sertraline (Zoloft)

25
Q

Management-Nursing of Panic Disorder

A

-Stay with the patient who is having a panic attack, and acknowledge patient’s discomfort
-Maintain -a calm style and demeanor
-Speak in short, simple sentences, and give one direction at a time in a calm tone of voice
-If hyperventilating, provide a brown paper bag and focus on breathing with patient
-Allow the patient to pace or cry
-Communicate to patients that you are in control and will not let anything happen to them
-Move or direct patients to a quieter, less- stimulating environment
-Do not touch patient - touching can increase feelings of panic
-Ask patient to express their perceptions or fears about what is happening to them

26
Q

an illogical, intense, and persistent fear of a specific object or a social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning.

A

Phobia

27
Q

Predisposing factor of Phobia

A

Genetics

28
Q

Precipitating factor of Phobia

A

Environmental (bad first encounter with fear object)

29
Q

Without history of panic disorder

A

Agoraphobia

30
Q

Fear of being humiliated, scrutinized, or embarrassed in public

A

Social Phobia

31
Q

Irrational fear of an object or situation

A

Specific Phobia

32
Q

What are the types of phobias?

A

-Agoraphobia
-Social Phobia
-Specific Phobia

32
Q

Fear of heights

A

Acrophobia

33
Q

Fear of flying

A

Aerophobia

34
Q

fear of enclosed places

A

claustrophobia

35
Q

fear of spiders

A

Arachnophobia

36
Q

Fear of dogs

A

Cynophobia

37
Q

Fear of blood

A

Hematophobia

38
Q

Fear of snakes

A

Ophidiophobia

39
Q

Fear of being buried alive

A

Taphophobia

40
Q

Fear of injections

A

Trypanophobia

41
Q

Fear of strangers

A

Xenophobia

42
Q

Patient Characteristics of Phobic Disorders (Phobia)

A

-Awareness of having unusual and irrational fear
-Powerlessness to stop fear
-Anticipatory anxiety
-Avoidance behavior

43
Q

Management of Phobic Disorders (Phobia)

A

-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Most successful treatment for phobic patients

-Systematic desensitization- progressive exposure to feared object in a controlled environment until anxiety decreases

-Flooding- Therapist abruptly confronts patient with phobic object until it no longer produces anxiety

44
Q

Medical Management of Phobic Disorders (Phobia) Drugs

A

-SSRIs
-Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zooloft)
-Used to reduce anxiety and depression, and back panic attacks, if present

45
Q

Management-Nursing of Phobic Disorders (Phobia)

A

-Accept patient and their fears with a non-judgmental attitude
-Provide and involve patients in activities that do not increase anxiety but rather increase involvement
-Help patients with physical safety and comfort needs
-Help patients recognize that their behavior is a method of avoiding anxiety

Psychiatric Nursing (16 decks)

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