Anx-depp-Bipolar Flashcards

1
Q

What are uses of BZD?

A

Anx disorder

Insomnia

Seizure disorder

Status Epilepticus: IV ONLY

Premedication for anesthesia (IV/IM)

Off-lable use:

  - Alcohol withdrawal
  - Chemotherapy-assoc N/V
  - Essential tremor
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2
Q

Which BZD’s are my LONG-ACTING BDZ’s?

A
  • Chlordiazepoxide (LIBRIUM)
    • anx: 5-25mg PO tid-qid
    • alcohol withdrawal
  • Clonazepam (klonopin)
    • panic disorder
    • seizure disorder
  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Flurazepam (Dalmane)
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3
Q

Which Benzo’s are INTERMEDIATE (10-20 hrs)?

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

TEMAZEPAM (Restoril)

Estazolam (Prosom)

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4
Q

Short-Acting- BZD’s (<12 HOURS)

A

Alprazolam (Xanax, Xanax-XR)
- 3A4 SUBSTRATE (use with caution w/ INHIBTORS & INDUCERS)

Oxazepam

Triazolam (Halcion)

Midazolam

-SHORT ACTING BENZO’s have the HIGHEST risk of abuse because of RAPID RISE AND FALL of levels!!

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5
Q

Which BZD’s are recommended for OLDER patients?

A

Lorazepam

Oxazepam

Temazepam

LOT!!

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6
Q

For patients taking MULTIPLE MEDS, on METHADONE, or COMPROMISED LIVER FX, which BZD’s do you recommend?

A

LOT

LORAZEPAM

OXAZEPAM

TEMAZEPAM

LOT drugs are mostly cleared by KIDNEYS and thus have DECREASE P450 drug INTERACTIONS. (Most BZD’s except for LOT are metabolized by CYP3A4)

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7
Q

Benzodiazepine SE and PRECAUTIONS

A

Drowsiness/ impair driving

Memory impairment: ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

Tolerance**

Rebound or Withdrawal s/s FOLLOWING discontinuation

Drug abuse: CAUTION in pts w/ HISTORY of ALCOHOL or DRUG ABUSE

BBW: Can be lethal if combined with OPIODS, ALCOHOL, Or other meds that depress the CNS: result in RESPIRATORY DEPP & DEATH!!

-PREGNANCY CAT D**

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8
Q

BZD Withdrawal SYMPTOMS?

A

-DISTURBED SLEEP
-TREMORS
-MUSCLE ACHES
POOR COORDINATION
MILD PARANOIA
CONFUSION
PSYCHOSIS
SEIZURES**

OVERDOSE: results in RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, HYPOTENSION, COMA, DEATH

-ANTIDOTE: Flumazenil!!

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9
Q

Buspar

A

BUSPIRONE

MOA: unknown

      - NO EFFECT ON GABA
      - AFFINITY for serotonin 5-HT1A
      - AFFINITY for dopamine D2- receptors

Treats: ANXIETY

Dose: MAX —> 30mg BID

MAJOR CYP3A4 SUBSTRATE

DONT GIVE W/ MAOI

Counseling point: TAKES UP TO 4 weeks to work!!

SE: dizziness, drowsiness, HA, Nervousness

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10
Q

Anxiolytic SUPPLEMENTS

A

Kava-kava - caution: HEPATOTOXIC

Valerian ROOT - Insomnia; not for ANX

PASSION flower - A calming herb

St. John’s Wort - INCREASES 5HT-3

Hops - Relaxing and sedative effect

Chamomile - sedative, ANX, relieves GI distress, MAY INCREASE INR(has warfarin derivatives)

B-Complex: essential for SYNTHESIS of serotonin; Vitamin B deficiency has been associated with ANX & DEPRESSION.

L-Tryptophan and 5-HTP: Precursors used by body for synthesis of serotonin

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11
Q

SSRI

GENERAL INFO

RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY**

A

MOA: inhibit reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) at ALL receptors, acting as a SEROTONIN AGONIST

5-HT1: involves DEPRESSION

5-HT2: involves SEXUAL DISFX

5-HT3: involves GI side EFFECTS

AD’s increase the risk of SUICIDAL THINKING & behavior in short term studies in pts < 24YO w MDD AND A DECREASED RISK IN those > 65 yrs old.

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12
Q

SSRI SIDE EFFECTS:

A
  • SSRI’s reduce platelet aggregation (INCREASE BLEEDING)
  • Link to Increase GI BLEEDING

CAUTION W/: NSAIDS, aspirin, WARFARIN

Luvox & Celexa: Known to have LESS Bleeding

  • Activating or Sedating
    (Fluoxetine: Activating)
    (Fluvoxamine: Sedating)
  • GI effects: Nausea/ Diarrhea
  • Weight Gain!!
  • Sexual dysfx!!
  • HeadAche
  • Hyponatremia
  • Orthostatic Hypotension
  • Bone Fractures
  • Ocular effects
  • Suicidal thinking

PREGNANCY CAT C (pulmonary HTN)
-Paxil: Heart Defects

-Anticholinergic: Dry mouth

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13
Q

SSRI DRUG INTERACTIONS

A

Fluvoxamine- STRONG CYP1A2 INH

Fluoxetine/Paroxetine- STRONG CYP2D6 INHIBITORS

- Avoid combining w/ TAMOXIFEN!!
- Avoid w/ Codeine (CYP2D6 substrate)

Vortioxetine: substrate of CYP2D6 & CYP3A4

Vilazodone: substrate of CYP3A4

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14
Q

Celexa

A

Citalopram

Treats: MAJOR DEPP DISORDER

form: tabs; solution (10mg/5mL)

Max: 40mg/d; 20mg/d > 60YO DUE TO QT prolongation**

CAUTION: Cardiac disease, low k/mg, liver impairment

Drug Interactions: 2C19 SUBSTRATE

  • avoid going over 20mg w/ CYP2C19 inhibitors: OMEPRAZOLE & Cimetidine
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15
Q

Lexapro

A

EsCitalopram

Treats: MDD; GAD

DOSE: 10qd AM/PM

MAX: 20mg/d after one week QD

FORMS: tabs; soln

DI: Major substrate of CYP2C19/ CYP3A4

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16
Q

Prozac/ Sarafem

A

Treats: MDD, OCD, Bulimia nervosa, PreMENSTRUal dysphoric disorder, PANIC disorder

  • approved in CHILDREN W/ MDD > 8 yo
  • approved in children w/ OCD >7 YO

Forms: caps; solution
MAX: 80mg/d

CAUTION: **MAOI’s should be D/C at least 14 days before initiating fluoxetine. If on fluoxetine, d/c fluoxetine at least 5 weeks before going on MAOI due to its LONG half life

DI: PROZAC is a STRONG inhibitor of CYP2D6

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17
Q

LuVOX

A

Fluvoxamine

Treats: OCD

FORMS: tabs; ER caps

Administer: BEDTIME(VERY SEDATING)

CYP2c19 substrate

CYP450 Inhibitor: PRIMARILY 1A2

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18
Q

PAXIL, PAXIL CR, PEXEVA, Brisdelle

A

ParoxeTiNE

Indication: MDD, GAD, OCD, panic disorder, PMDD, SAD, PTSD, Vasomotor symptoms of menapause (BRISDELLE) ONLY

CYP450 STRONG Inhibitor of : 2D6

  • DO NOT D/C abruptly

Pregnancy CATEGORY D due to CARDIAC TOX!!

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19
Q

Zoloft

A

Sertraline

Treats: MDD, OCD, Panic disorder, PMDD

DOSE: MAX:200mg/d

-Moderate/Weak inhibitor of CYP450
:CYP2D6 ( like paxil/prozac)

FOOD ^ BIOAVAILABILITY

But can take W/WO food.

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20
Q

Trintellix

A

Vortioxetine

Treats: MDD

MOA: SRI/ 5HT1a agonist/ 5HT1b partial agonist/ 5HT3a; 5HT7 ANTAGONIST

DOSE: MAX: 20mg/d

CONTRAINDICATION: Dont use MAOI’s within 21 days of STOPPING TrinTELLIX

SE: NAUSEA, no effect on WEIGHT GAIN

DI: SUBSTRATE of CYP2D6 & CYP3A4. Decrease dose by 1/2 w INHIBITORS

BUPROPION ^ TRINTELLIX BY 2X’s

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21
Q

SNRI

GENERAL INFO

A

Serotonin-Norepi-Reuptake- INHIBITOR

Venlafaxine(EFFEXOR)

DesVenlafaxine(Pristiq)

DesVenlafaxine(Khedezla)

DULOXETINE (CYMBALTA)

Milnacipran (SAVELL)

LevoMilnacipran(Fetzima)

ALL SNRI need DOSE ADJUSTMENT IN RENAL/HEPATIC

SE: NAUSEA(most common), CONSTIPATION, DRY MOUTH, DIZZINESS, SWEATING, ^^BP^^, sexual dysfx.

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22
Q

SNRI SIDE EFFECTS:

A

HEADACHE/HYPONATREMIA

OCULAR

BONE FRACTURES

SUICIDAL THINKING

GI: Nausea; GI Bleeding, ^ risk of BLEED

^^^ BLOOD PRESSURE^^^

NE “psuedoanticholinergic” EFFECT ( Constipation, dry mouth, Urinary RETENTION)

  • NAUSEA, dizziness, Dry Mouth, Sweating, BP
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23
Q

Effexor

A

Venlafaxine

Treats: MDD, GAD, panic disorder (XR- ONLY)

Dose: Administer w/ FOOD

Forms: tabs(BID/TID), XR CAPS, ER TABS

CRCL<30 reduce dose by 1/2

SE: Activating/ Sedating, agitation, GI, HTN, HA

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24
Q

PRISTIQ

A

DESVENLAFAXINE SUCCINATE

SNRI**

Treats: DEPRESSION

CRCL< 30 50mg QOD

^^ BP^^

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25
Q

Khedezla

A

Desvenlafaxine BASE

SNRI

TREATS: MDD

MAX:400mg/d

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26
Q

Cymbalta/ Irenka

A

Moa: SNRI

INDICATION: Depression, GAD, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain, chronic osteoarthritis pain, and chronic low back PAIN.

Max: 120mg

DI: Substrate CYP1A2, CYP2D6/ Inhibits CYP2D6
- AVOID in CrCL < 30mL/min & Hepatic impairment

Monitor: BP

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27
Q

Savella

A

Milnacipran

SNRI

Treats: Fibromyalgia

(3 drugs approved for fibromyalgia are: Lyrica, Cymbalta, Savella)

Max:200mg

ESRD: NOT RECOMMENDED

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28
Q

Fetzima

A

LEVOmilnacipran

SNRI

TREATS: MDD(NOT fibromyalgia)

CYP3A4 SUBSTRATE

  • ESRD: NOT RECOMMENDED

Dose: ONCE DAILY

DO NOT TAKE W/ ALCOHOL

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29
Q

NE & DOPAMINE (NDRI)

REUPTAKE INHIBITORS

A

BUPROPION

  • Wellbutrin SR
  • Wellbutrin XL
  • Aplenzin (ER)
  • Zyban
30
Q

Wellbutrin; Aplenzin; Zyban

A

BuPROPION

MOA: D2/NE agonist
- preferred if worried about sexual dysfx

Indication: MDD/Smoking cessation/ SAD- seasonal affective DISORDER

  • MAX dose/d:
  • IR: 450mg/d
  • SR: 400mg/d
  • XL: 450mg

Aplenzin: 522mg

SE: SEIZURES

31
Q

Bupropion

SE & DRUG INTERACTIONS

A

SE: 1) ACTIVATION
2) SEIZURES

CAUTION: bulimia**, Alcoholics, Seizures, psychosis

WEIGHT-LOSS

GI Effects

DI: Moderate CYP2D6 Inhibitor

Avoid ethanol, Valerian root, St. Johns WORT, SAMe, kava kava( may increase CNS depression)

32
Q

Serotonin MODULATORS

A

Trazodone

Nefazodone

Vilazodone

33
Q

Trazodone

A

MOA: blocks serotonin reuptake (LESS POTENT than SSRI’s) & alpha-Adrenergic Blocker!!)

  • Serotonin Modulators

Treats: MDD, Sleep disorder

SE: GI, sexual dysfx, Orthostasis, PRIAPISM!!

34
Q

Nefazodone

A

MOA: serotonin reuptake blocker & alpha1 blocker

Treats: MDD

BBW: HEPATOTOXICITY monitor LFT’s

35
Q

viiBRYD

A

Vilazodone

CLASS: Serotonin MODULATOR

MOA: blocks 5HT reuptake & partial 5HT1a receptor AGONIST

treats: MDD

DOSE: Start 10mg WD w FOOD x 7 days

Maint/ max: 40mg QD w FOOD

-: NO WEIGHT GAIN
DI: SUBSTRATE OF CYP3A4
Contraindications: 14 days D/C with MAOI’s

Se: Same as SSRI’s

36
Q

Remeron

A

Mirtazapine

Treats: MDD

MOA: alpha2 antagonist —> ^ NOR; 5HT3
- Antagonist @ 5HT2a, 5HT2C, 5HT3

Form: tabs; ODT**

SE: 1) Sedation

   2) appetite(^ weight gain)
   3) ^ lipids
   4) anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation)
   5) QT Prolongation
37
Q

TCA MOA

A

MOA: Blocks NOR & 5HT3 reuptake

Tertiary - Higher 5HT3 Affinity
Secondary - Higher NOR affinity

Also stimulate:

  • alpha adrenergic: Orthostasis
  • Histaminergix : Weight gain; Sedation
  • anticholinergic: dry mouth, urinary ret, constip
38
Q

TCA SIDE EFFECTS

A

1) sedation
2) anticholinergic
3) weight gain
4) tachycardia/arrhythmias
- risk of QTc prolongation
- Lower seizure threshold

DO NOT D/C abruptly

39
Q

Elavil

A

Amitriptyline (Tertiary)

TCA

TREATS: 1) Depression

            - OFF-LABLE: 1) chronic pain
                                    2) Diabetic Neuropathy
                                    3) migraine ppx
                                    4) PTSD
40
Q

Anafranil

A

Clomipramine (Tertiary)

Class: TCA

TREATS: OCD

41
Q

Silenor

A

Doxepin (Tertiary)

Class: TCA

Treats: Depression/anxiety/INSOMNIA

OFF-LABLE: 1) CHRONIC UTICARIA (Hives)

42
Q

Tofranil

A

Imipramine (Tertiary)

Class: TCA

  • Indicated: Depression
    * * ENURESIS** BED WETTING!!!

OFF-LABLE: Bulimia, Neuropathic PAIN

43
Q

Surmontil

A

TRIMIPRAMINE (Tertiary)

Class: TCA

44
Q

Amoxapine

A

TCA(secondary)

MOA: Blocks NE & DOPAMINE (ONLY ONE)

45
Q

Norpramin

A

Desipramine

TCA : 2nd

Treats: Depression

OFF-LABLE: Neuropathic pain

46
Q

Maprotiline

A

TCA: SecondAry

47
Q

PaMEloR

A

Nortriptyline

CLASS: TCA: 2nd

Treats: DEPRESSION

OFF-LABLE: 1) Chronic pain

                  2) IBS
                  3) Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
                  4) Smoking cessation
48
Q

Protriptyline

A

Class: TCA; 2nd

49
Q

What meds can also be used for BED-WETTING?

A

1) Imipramine

2) anticholinergics
- fesoterodine
- oxybutynin
- Tolterodine

3) DDAVP (Desmopressin)

50
Q

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS

A

Inhibit MAOa & MAOb

- 1) Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
- 2)phenelzine (Nardil)
- 3) Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Selegilime (EmSAM) 
       QD PATCH (SELECTIVE FOR MAOb at low doses and NONSELECTIVE AT HIGHER)
51
Q

MAOI

SE; MOA; Indications

A

MOA: MAOI’s inhibit the BREAKDOWN OF DOPAMINE; 5HT3, and NOR-EPi

Indications: MDD
- Can be effective in treatment resistant depression

E: Insomnia, anticholinergic, Orthostasis, Weight Gain, Edema, Sexual dysfx.

52
Q

MAOI DRUG INTERACTIONS:

VERY IMPORTANT

A

1) Dextromethorphan - Hyperpyrexia
2) Meperidine; Fentanyl; Methadone; Tramadol (^ Effect of MAOI)

3) Morphine/Hydromorphone/Hydrocodone
- (^^ CNS Depression & hypotension)

4) TCA; SSRI:
5) Oral INHALATION; Anticholinergics; Umeclidinium: Tiotropium
- May enhance Anticholinergic effects
6) Sympathomimetics( amphetamines, Ephedrine, psuedophedrine, Beta-Agonist) - Hypertensive CRISIS

53
Q

Emsam

A

Selegiline

Indication: MDD

FORM: PATCHES (DAILY)

54
Q

What are other MAOI’s that arent in the depression chapter?

A

1) Linezolid (ABX)
2) Tidezolid (ABX)
3) Rasagiline
4) Procarbazine (Chemo)

55
Q

Which AP’s are approved for MDD?

A

1) Abilify
2) Symbyax (Olanzapine/Fluoxetine)
3) Quetiapine (XR)
4) Brexipiprazole (Rexulti)

56
Q

OTC meds for DEPRESSiON

A

1) SAM-e
2) ST. John’s WORT

 - Photosensitivity
 - P450 Inducer
 - Watch for Serotonin Syndrome
57
Q

Celexa

A

Citalopram

Treats: MAJOR DEPP DISORDER

form: tabs; solution (10mg/5mL)

Max: 40mg/d; 20mg/d > 60YO DUE TO QT prolongation**

CAUTION: Cardiac disease, low k/mg, liver impairment

Drug Interactions: 2C19 SUBSTRATE

  • avoid going over 20mg w/ CYP2C19 inhibitors: OMEPRAZOLE & Cimetidine
58
Q

Lexapro

A

EsCitalopram

Treats: MDD; GAD

DOSE: 10qd AM/PM

MAX: 20mg/d after one week QD

FORMS: tabs; soln

DI: Major substrate of CYP2C19/ CYP3A4

59
Q

Prozac/ Sarafem

A

Treats: MDD, OCD, Bulimia nervosa, PreMENSTRUal dysphoric disorder, PANIC disorder

  • approved in CHILDREN W/ MDD > 8 yo
  • approved in children w/ OCD >7 YO

Forms: caps; solution
MAX: 80mg/d

CAUTION: **MAOI’s should be D/C at least 14 days before initiating fluoxetine. If on fluoxetine, d/c fluoxetine at least 5 weeks before going on MAOI due to its LONG half life

DI: PROZAC is a STRONG inhibitor of CYP2D6

60
Q

Which meds can be used for BiPolar DISORDER?

A

1) Lithium

2) Anticonvulsants
- Divalproex sodium (Depakote)
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- Carbamazapine (Equetro)

3) Antipsychotic
- Quetiapine XR
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa); Symbyax
- Ziprasidone
- Aripiprazole
- Lurasidone
- Asenapine (Saphris)

In General: Lithium or Depakote combined w/ an antipsychotic is more EFFECTIVE than monotherapy

61
Q

DOC for Bipolar

A

Lithium, IF TOLERABLE

62
Q

Which drugs have been shown to be effective in treating BiPolaR DePressIoN?

A

1) Lithium
2) quetiapine
3) Lurasidone
4) symbyax (Olanzapine + Fluoxetine)

63
Q

Which Anticonvulsant is effective for prevention of RECURRENT depressive episodes?

A

Lamictil (Lamotrigine)

64
Q

Which two Anticonvulsant can be for maint Tx but are usually less effective than Lithium?

A

Valproate (Depakote)

Carbamazepine

65
Q

Lithobid

A

Lithium

Indication: 1) Bipolar Depression
2) Off-label; Depression

MOA: Unknown; Believe to influence reuptake of 5HT and/or NOR

  • (+) charge element similar to Na/K
  • EFFECT ON electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Magnesium)

OPPOSITE effect on SODIUM

66
Q

Lithium DOSAGE Forms

A

Lithium Carbonate

- (IR) forms: 150,300, 600 CAPS
                      300mg tabs (Eskalith)
  • (CR): 300mg Lithobid
  • XR: 300mg & 450mg

Lithium citrate SYRUP

  • 8mEq/5mL soln (5mL = 8meq= 300mg)
67
Q

Lithium DOSAGE!!

A

Starting dose: 300-600mg BID-TID

Effective range: 900-1800mg/day(15-20 mg/kg)

- Elderly and Renal: Decrease dose
       - 300mg/ day w/ LEVELS of 0.4-0.6 mEq are
          Usually effective in elderly patients

- Pregnancy cat D
* *100% RENALLY CLEARED** 

Therapeutic Monitoring: Draw serum levels JUST BEFORE next dose, after 5(FiVE) days of TREATMENT

 - Acute Levels: 0.8-1.2 mEq/L
 - Maintenance: 0.6-1.0 mEq/L 

Lithium effect usually begin in 1 WEEK and full effect w/I 2-3 WEEKS

68
Q

Lithium SIDE EFFECTS

A

1) GI(N/VD) take w/ FOOD**!!!
2) Fine intentional HAND TREMOR
3) Nephrogenic diabetic insipid-us:

 - Chronic lithium ingestion can cause ADH not to
    work causing POLYURIA/POLYDIPSIA which may 
    cause Lithium TOXICITY!!

 - If possible D/C lithium

 - For patients whom lithium therapy is necessary
    Add POTASSIUM (K)- sparring Diuretic,
    AMiLoRiDe

4) Leukocytosis (^WBC)
5) Thyroid**
6) Parathyroid - Hypercalcemia: Hyperparathyroidsm
7) Weight gain **
8) Bradycardia
9) Acne: Alopecia

10) CNS adverse RXN: Ataxia, Blackout spells,
Cogwheel rigidity

69
Q

Lithium toxicity

A

1) > 1.5: TREMOR, Vomiting, CONFUsion, Ataxia, slurred speech

HOLD DOSE

2) > 2: arrhythmias, SEIZURES, COMA
- NS IV infusion, Hemodialysis
3) > 3.5: Lethal Toxicity!!

70
Q

LITHIUM DRUG INTERACTIONS

A
  • Thiazides; ACEI’s, NSAIDS
  • Sodium RESTRICTION, dehydration, RENAL IMPAIRMENT
  • ** ^^ Na will DECREASE LITHIUM!!
  • SODIUM BICARB MAY ALSO DECREASE LITHIUM!!

Lithium w/ SSRI’s: Serotonin Syndrome
S/s: confusion, agitation, Diarrhea, Tremor, diaphoresis

71
Q

Which NSAID can be recommended w/ Lithium?

A

Sulindac

Aspirin