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Pharma > AntiVirals > Flashcards

AntiVirals Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits penetration or uncoating by blocking M2 ion channel inhibitors thereby restricting passage of protons which are required to trigger release of viral genes into host cell nucleus

A

Amantadine

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2
Q

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

A

Acyclovir
Foscarnet
Gancyclovir

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3
Q

Inhibits viral RNA polymerase

A

Foscarnet

Ribarivirn

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4
Q

Inhibits reverse transcriptiase

A 
AZT
3TC
DDI
DDC
D4T
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5
Q

Inhibits viral aspartate protease

A

Idinavir, vir

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6
Q

Inhibits Neuraminidase which cleaves and removes sialic acid receptors from surface of the cell to allow spread to new cells

Unable to cleave sialic acid and escape from cell

A

Oseltamavir

Peramivir
Zenamivir

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7
Q

Transition state analog of Sialic acid
Active against influenza A and B

Reversible inhibition of viral neuraminidase producing vira aggregation on the cell surface preventing release and spread of viral progeny

A

Oseltamavir

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8
Q

Rapidly absorbed and metabolized
Food does not decrease bioavailability but reduces GI intolerance
Half life 1-3 hours (phosphate), 6-10 (carboxylate)

A

Oseltamavir

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9
Q

Uncomplicated acute influenza in patients <1 y/o
Decreases duration of illness by 1-1.5 days when treatment is initiated within 48 hours from onset of symptoms
Prophylaxis for individuals within 48 hours from onset of symptoms

A

Osetlamavir

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10
Q

Oseltamavir SE

A

Nausea and vomiting due to local irritation
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea
Bronchitis, insomnia, vertigo, headache, fatigue

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11
Q

Drugs for Herpesvirus

A 
Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
Acyclovir
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12
Q 
Guanine analog (premature DNA-chain termination)
For HSV1, HSV2, Varicella

Inhibits DNA polymerase

A

Acyclovir

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13
Q

Acyclovir SE

A

Crystalluria
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Not hematoxic

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14
Q

Guanine analog
Drug of choice for CMV pneumonia esophagitis
Hematotoxic

CMV retinitis, prophylaxis in organ transplantation, colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis

HSV, VZV, EBV, HHV6, KSVH (in vitro)

Like acyclovir but doesn’t have to be phosphorylated to work

A

Ganciclovir

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15
Q

Oseltamavir blocks

A

viral release

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16
Q

Ganciclovir SE

A

Principal dose limiting toxicity (Myelosupression) neutropenia
CNS: headache, behavioral changes, convulsion, coma

Infusion related phlebitis
Azotemia
Liver function test abnormalities
Nausea and vomiting
Anemia, eosinophilia
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17
Q

Ophthalmic ointment for viral keratoconjunctivitis keratitis by HSV

A

Bidarabine 3% ophthalmic ointment Vira A

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18
Q

Thymidine analog

Herpes simplex keratitis

A

Idoxuridine

Trifluridine

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19
Q

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis
For herpes keratoconjunctivitis
HSV1 encehalitis and keratitis

A

Vidarabine

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20
Q

Phosphate analog
For CMV retinitis

Pyrofosphate analog inhibiting DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase

A

Foscarnet

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21
Q

Acyclovir acts as

A

chain terminator

requires phosphorylation because metabolite

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22
Q

Antivirals for respiratory viruses

A

Amantadine
Rimantadine
Ribavarin

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23
Q

Inhibit viral uncoating
Used as prophylaxis for influenza A
AE: muscarinic blockade, livedo reticularis

A

Amantadine

Rimantadine

24
Q

Influena
Rubella
Cerebella (ataxia)

A

Amantadine

25
Q

Unknown mechanism
RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia
Influenza A, B and Lassa fever, Hepatitis C teratogenic

A

Ribavirin

26
Q

Natural cytokines with antiviral properties

For condyloma acuminatum 
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Kaposi
Hairy Cell Leukemia
A

Interferon

27
Q

Flu-like syndrome is common

Possible neuro, cardio, thyroid and bone marrow problems

A

Interferon

28
Q

Nucleoside and non nucleoside analog and Protease inhibitor

Protease inhibitor for HIV

A 
Ritonavir
Amprenavir
Idinavir
Nelfinavir
Saquinavir

RAINS down on HIV

29
Q

Are incorporated into DNA so they like abbreviations

A

NRTI

AZT
3CT
d4T
ddI
ddC
30
Q

Inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme

A

NNRTI

31
Q

Nucleoside analogs reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that competitively inhibit reverse transcription by causing chain termination after incorporation into viral DNA

A 
Zidovudine AZT
Didasonine ddI
Zalcitabine ddC
Emcitirabine
Lamivudine 
Tenofovir
32
Q

Drug for PD and Influenza

A

Amantadine

33
Q

Thymidine analog NRTI

A

Zidovudine AZT

Stavudine d4T

34
Q

Adenosine analog NRTI

A

Didanosine

35
Q

Cytosine analog NRTI

A

Zalcitabine ddC

36
Q

Zidofudine AZT SE

A 
Hematotoxic
Anemia
Neutropenia
Headache
Fatigue
Myalgia
37
Q

Nucleoside analog NRTI for Hepa B

Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV DNA polymerase causing inhibition of HBV replication and chain termiantion

A

Lamivudine

38
Q 
Intracellular half-life: 17-19 hours
Plasma half-life: 9 hours
Rapidly absorbed
Good oral bioavailability (80%)
Food does not affect bioavailability
High concentrations in the male genital tract
Freely crosses the placenta
Poor CNS penetration 
Excreted by the kidneys
A

Lamivudine

39
Q

Lamivudine SE

A 
Well-tolerated
Elevation of liver enzymes
Neutropenia
Headaches
Nausea
Pancreatitis
40
Q

Non-Nucleoside Analogs RTI
NNRTI

Non competitive inhibition binding to and denaturing reverse transcriptase enzyme

A 
Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Delavirdine
Synergitic with NRTI
Not myelosuppressants
41
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

Saquinavir
Ritonavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir

42
Q

Protease inhibitors SE

A

Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting

43
Q

In HIV, vaccinate

A

Pneumococcal
Hepatitis
Influenza

44
Q

HIV CI vaccines

A

Polio

Varicella vaccine

45
Q

PCP Prophylaxis

CD4 <200

A

TMP-SMZ
Dapsone
Pentamidine

46
Q

MAC Prophylaxis

CD4 <50

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Rifabutin

47
Q

TB Prophylaxis

A

TST >5mm
Isoniazid
Rifampicin

48
Q

Toxoplasma in HIV

A

Fansidar

49
Q

Candida albicans

A

Fluconazole
Ketoconazole
Amphotericin B

50
Q

MAC

A

Macrolide + Ethambutol/Ciprofloxacin/Amikacin

51
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Amphotericin
Fluconazole
Itraconazole

52
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

Foscarnet

53
Q

Antiviral safest for pregnant

A

DTG + FTC + TAF

Emcitrabine/Tenofovir + Alafenamide fumarate

54
Q

Drug for Hepa C

A

Ribavirin

55
Q

HIV Entry inhibitor

Binds to GP41 preventing fusion with CD4 membrane

A

Enfuvirtide

56
Q

Entry inhibitor

Binds to human chemokine receptor CCR5 and prevents interaction with viral protein GP120 and inhibiting viral entry to cell

A

Maraviroc

57
Q

HIV Entrt inhibitor

Mab that binds to CD4 receptor that leads to conformational changes that prevent gp120-CD4 complex from interacting with CCR5 Of CXCR4 inhibiting viral entry infusion

A

Ibalizumab

Pharma (26 decks)

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