AntiVirals

Question 1

Inhibits penetration or uncoating by blocking M2 ion channel inhibitors thereby restricting passage of protons which are required to trigger release of viral genes into host cell nucleus

Answer 1

Amantadine

Question 2

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Answer 2

Acyclovir
Foscarnet
Gancyclovir

Question 3

Inhibits viral RNA polymerase

Answer 3

Foscarnet

Ribarivirn

Question 4

Inhibits reverse transcriptiase

Answer 4

AZT
3TC
DDI
DDC
D4T

Question 5

Inhibits viral aspartate protease

Answer 5

Idinavir, vir

Question 6

Inhibits Neuraminidase which cleaves and removes sialic acid receptors from surface of the cell to allow spread to new cells

Unable to cleave sialic acid and escape from cell

Answer 6

Oseltamavir

Peramivir
Zenamivir

Question 7

Transition state analog of Sialic acid
Active against influenza A and B

Reversible inhibition of viral neuraminidase producing vira aggregation on the cell surface preventing release and spread of viral progeny

Answer 7

Oseltamavir

Question 8

Rapidly absorbed and metabolized
Food does not decrease bioavailability but reduces GI intolerance
Half life 1-3 hours (phosphate), 6-10 (carboxylate)

Answer 8

Oseltamavir

Question 9

Uncomplicated acute influenza in patients <1 y/o
Decreases duration of illness by 1-1.5 days when treatment is initiated within 48 hours from onset of symptoms
Prophylaxis for individuals within 48 hours from onset of symptoms

Answer 9

Osetlamavir

Question 10

Oseltamavir SE

Answer 10

Nausea and vomiting due to local irritation
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea
Bronchitis, insomnia, vertigo, headache, fatigue

Question 11

Drugs for Herpesvirus

Answer 11

Foscarnet
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
Acyclovir

Question 12

Guanine analog (premature DNA-chain termination)
For HSV1, HSV2, Varicella

Inhibits DNA polymerase

Answer 12

Acyclovir

Question 13

Acyclovir SE

Answer 13

Crystalluria
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Not hematoxic

Question 14

Guanine analog
Drug of choice for CMV pneumonia esophagitis
Hematotoxic

CMV retinitis, prophylaxis in organ transplantation, colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis

HSV, VZV, EBV, HHV6, KSVH (in vitro)

Like acyclovir but doesn’t have to be phosphorylated to work

Answer 14

Ganciclovir

Question 15

Oseltamavir blocks

Answer 15

viral release

Question 16

Ganciclovir SE

Answer 16

Principal dose limiting toxicity (Myelosupression) neutropenia
CNS: headache, behavioral changes, convulsion, coma

Infusion related phlebitis
Azotemia
Liver function test abnormalities
Nausea and vomiting
Anemia, eosinophilia

Question 17

Ophthalmic ointment for viral keratoconjunctivitis keratitis by HSV

Answer 17

Bidarabine 3% ophthalmic ointment Vira A

Question 18

Thymidine analog

Herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 18

Idoxuridine

Trifluridine

Question 19

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis
For herpes keratoconjunctivitis
HSV1 encehalitis and keratitis

Answer 19

Vidarabine

Question 20

Phosphate analog
For CMV retinitis

Pyrofosphate analog inhibiting DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase

Answer 20

Foscarnet

Question 21

Acyclovir acts as

Answer 21

chain terminator

requires phosphorylation because metabolite

Question 22

Antivirals for respiratory viruses

Answer 22

Amantadine
Rimantadine
Ribavarin

Question 23

Inhibit viral uncoating
Used as prophylaxis for influenza A
AE: muscarinic blockade, livedo reticularis

Answer 23

Amantadine

Rimantadine

Question 24

Influena
Rubella
Cerebella (ataxia)

Answer 24

Amantadine

Question 25

Unknown mechanism RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia Influenza A, B and Lassa fever, Hepatitis C teratogenic

Answer 25

Ribavirin

Question 26

Natural cytokines with antiviral properties ``` For condyloma acuminatum Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Kaposi Hairy Cell Leukemia ```

Answer 26

Interferon

Question 27

Flu-like syndrome is common | Possible neuro, cardio, thyroid and bone marrow problems

Answer 27

Interferon

Question 28

Nucleoside and non nucleoside analog and Protease inhibitor Protease inhibitor for HIV

Answer 28

``` Ritonavir Amprenavir Idinavir Nelfinavir Saquinavir ``` RAINS down on HIV

Question 29

Are incorporated into DNA so they like abbreviations

Answer 29

NRTI ``` AZT 3CT d4T ddI ddC ```

Question 30

Inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme

Answer 30

NNRTI

Question 31

Nucleoside analogs reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that competitively inhibit reverse transcription by causing chain termination after incorporation into viral DNA

Answer 31

``` Zidovudine AZT Didasonine ddI Zalcitabine ddC Emcitirabine Lamivudine Tenofovir ```

Question 32

Drug for PD and Influenza

Answer 32

Amantadine

Question 33

Thymidine analog NRTI

Answer 33

Zidovudine AZT | Stavudine d4T

Question 34

Adenosine analog NRTI

Answer 34

Didanosine

Question 35

Cytosine analog NRTI

Answer 35

Zalcitabine ddC

Question 36

Zidofudine AZT SE

Answer 36

``` Hematotoxic Anemia Neutropenia Headache Fatigue Myalgia ```

Question 37

Nucleoside analog NRTI for Hepa B Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV DNA polymerase causing inhibition of HBV replication and chain termiantion

Answer 37

Lamivudine

Question 38

``` Intracellular half-life: 17-19 hours Plasma half-life: 9 hours Rapidly absorbed Good oral bioavailability (80%) Food does not affect bioavailability High concentrations in the male genital tract Freely crosses the placenta Poor CNS penetration Excreted by the kidneys ```

Answer 38

Lamivudine

Question 39

Lamivudine SE

Answer 39

``` Well-tolerated Elevation of liver enzymes Neutropenia Headaches Nausea Pancreatitis ```

Question 40

Non-Nucleoside Analogs RTI NNRTI Non competitive inhibition binding to and denaturing reverse transcriptase enzyme

Answer 40

``` Nevirapine Efavirenz Delavirdine Synergitic with NRTI Not myelosuppressants ```

Question 41

Protease inhibitors

Answer 41

Saquinavir Ritonavir Indinavir Nelfinavir

Question 42

Protease inhibitors SE

Answer 42

Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting

Question 43

In HIV, vaccinate

Answer 43

Pneumococcal Hepatitis Influenza

Question 44

HIV CI vaccines

Answer 44

Polio | Varicella vaccine

Question 45

PCP Prophylaxis | CD4 <200

Answer 45

TMP-SMZ Dapsone Pentamidine

Question 46

MAC Prophylaxis | CD4 <50

Answer 46

Clarithromycin Azithromycin Rifabutin

Question 47

TB Prophylaxis

Answer 47

TST >5mm Isoniazid Rifampicin

Question 48

Toxoplasma in HIV

Answer 48

Fansidar

Question 49

Candida albicans

Answer 49

Fluconazole Ketoconazole Amphotericin B

Question 50

MAC

Answer 50

Macrolide + Ethambutol/Ciprofloxacin/Amikacin

Question 51

Cryptococcus

Answer 51

Amphotericin Fluconazole Itraconazole

Question 52

CMV

Answer 52

Ganciclovir | Foscarnet

Question 53

Antiviral safest for pregnant

Answer 53

DTG + FTC + TAF Emcitrabine/Tenofovir + Alafenamide fumarate

Question 54

Drug for Hepa C

Answer 54

Ribavirin

Question 55

HIV Entry inhibitor Binds to GP41 preventing fusion with CD4 membrane

Answer 55

Enfuvirtide

Question 56

Entry inhibitor Binds to human chemokine receptor CCR5 and prevents interaction with viral protein GP120 and inhibiting viral entry to cell

Answer 56

Maraviroc

Question 57

HIV Entrt inhibitor Mab that binds to CD4 receptor that leads to conformational changes that prevent gp120-CD4 complex from interacting with CCR5 Of CXCR4 inhibiting viral entry infusion

Answer 57

Ibalizumab