AntiVirals Flashcards
Inhibits penetration or uncoating by blocking M2 ion channel inhibitors thereby restricting passage of protons which are required to trigger release of viral genes into host cell nucleus
Amantadine
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Acyclovir
Foscarnet
Gancyclovir
Inhibits viral RNA polymerase
Foscarnet
Ribarivirn
Inhibits reverse transcriptiase
AZT 3TC DDI DDC D4T
Inhibits viral aspartate protease
Idinavir, vir
Inhibits Neuraminidase which cleaves and removes sialic acid receptors from surface of the cell to allow spread to new cells
Unable to cleave sialic acid and escape from cell
Oseltamavir
Peramivir
Zenamivir
Transition state analog of Sialic acid
Active against influenza A and B
Reversible inhibition of viral neuraminidase producing vira aggregation on the cell surface preventing release and spread of viral progeny
Oseltamavir
Rapidly absorbed and metabolized
Food does not decrease bioavailability but reduces GI intolerance
Half life 1-3 hours (phosphate), 6-10 (carboxylate)
Oseltamavir
Uncomplicated acute influenza in patients <1 y/o
Decreases duration of illness by 1-1.5 days when treatment is initiated within 48 hours from onset of symptoms
Prophylaxis for individuals within 48 hours from onset of symptoms
Osetlamavir
Oseltamavir SE
Nausea and vomiting due to local irritation
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea
Bronchitis, insomnia, vertigo, headache, fatigue
Drugs for Herpesvirus
Foscarnet Ganciclovir Idoxuridine Vidarabine Acyclovir
Guanine analog (premature DNA-chain termination) For HSV1, HSV2, Varicella
Inhibits DNA polymerase
Acyclovir
Acyclovir SE
Crystalluria
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Not hematoxic
Guanine analog
Drug of choice for CMV pneumonia esophagitis
Hematotoxic
CMV retinitis, prophylaxis in organ transplantation, colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis
HSV, VZV, EBV, HHV6, KSVH (in vitro)
Like acyclovir but doesn’t have to be phosphorylated to work
Ganciclovir
Oseltamavir blocks
viral release
Ganciclovir SE
Principal dose limiting toxicity (Myelosupression) neutropenia
CNS: headache, behavioral changes, convulsion, coma
Infusion related phlebitis Azotemia Liver function test abnormalities Nausea and vomiting Anemia, eosinophilia
Ophthalmic ointment for viral keratoconjunctivitis keratitis by HSV
Bidarabine 3% ophthalmic ointment Vira A
Thymidine analog
Herpes simplex keratitis
Idoxuridine
Trifluridine
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis
For herpes keratoconjunctivitis
HSV1 encehalitis and keratitis
Vidarabine
Phosphate analog
For CMV retinitis
Pyrofosphate analog inhibiting DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase
Foscarnet
Acyclovir acts as
chain terminator
requires phosphorylation because metabolite
Antivirals for respiratory viruses
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Ribavarin
Inhibit viral uncoating
Used as prophylaxis for influenza A
AE: muscarinic blockade, livedo reticularis
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Influena
Rubella
Cerebella (ataxia)
Amantadine
Unknown mechanism
RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia
Influenza A, B and Lassa fever, Hepatitis C teratogenic
Ribavirin
Natural cytokines with antiviral properties
For condyloma acuminatum Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Kaposi Hairy Cell Leukemia
Interferon
Flu-like syndrome is common
Possible neuro, cardio, thyroid and bone marrow problems
Interferon
Nucleoside and non nucleoside analog and Protease inhibitor
Protease inhibitor for HIV
Ritonavir Amprenavir Idinavir Nelfinavir Saquinavir
RAINS down on HIV
Are incorporated into DNA so they like abbreviations
NRTI
AZT 3CT d4T ddI ddC
Inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme
NNRTI
Nucleoside analogs reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that competitively inhibit reverse transcription by causing chain termination after incorporation into viral DNA
Zidovudine AZT Didasonine ddI Zalcitabine ddC Emcitirabine Lamivudine Tenofovir
Drug for PD and Influenza
Amantadine
Thymidine analog NRTI
Zidovudine AZT
Stavudine d4T
Adenosine analog NRTI
Didanosine
Cytosine analog NRTI
Zalcitabine ddC
Zidofudine AZT SE
Hematotoxic Anemia Neutropenia Headache Fatigue Myalgia
Nucleoside analog NRTI for Hepa B
Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV DNA polymerase causing inhibition of HBV replication and chain termiantion
Lamivudine
Intracellular half-life: 17-19 hours Plasma half-life: 9 hours Rapidly absorbed Good oral bioavailability (80%) Food does not affect bioavailability High concentrations in the male genital tract Freely crosses the placenta Poor CNS penetration Excreted by the kidneys
Lamivudine
Lamivudine SE
Well-tolerated Elevation of liver enzymes Neutropenia Headaches Nausea Pancreatitis
Non-Nucleoside Analogs RTI
NNRTI
Non competitive inhibition binding to and denaturing reverse transcriptase enzyme
Nevirapine Efavirenz Delavirdine Synergitic with NRTI Not myelosuppressants
Protease inhibitors
Saquinavir
Ritonavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir
Protease inhibitors SE
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
In HIV, vaccinate
Pneumococcal
Hepatitis
Influenza
HIV CI vaccines
Polio
Varicella vaccine
PCP Prophylaxis
CD4 <200
TMP-SMZ
Dapsone
Pentamidine
MAC Prophylaxis
CD4 <50
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Rifabutin
TB Prophylaxis
TST >5mm
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Toxoplasma in HIV
Fansidar
Candida albicans
Fluconazole
Ketoconazole
Amphotericin B
MAC
Macrolide + Ethambutol/Ciprofloxacin/Amikacin
Cryptococcus
Amphotericin
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
CMV
Ganciclovir
Foscarnet
Antiviral safest for pregnant
DTG + FTC + TAF
Emcitrabine/Tenofovir + Alafenamide fumarate
Drug for Hepa C
Ribavirin
HIV Entry inhibitor
Binds to GP41 preventing fusion with CD4 membrane
Enfuvirtide
Entry inhibitor
Binds to human chemokine receptor CCR5 and prevents interaction with viral protein GP120 and inhibiting viral entry to cell
Maraviroc
HIV Entrt inhibitor
Mab that binds to CD4 receptor that leads to conformational changes that prevent gp120-CD4 complex from interacting with CCR5 Of CXCR4 inhibiting viral entry infusion
Ibalizumab
