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Pharma > Anti Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Anti Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Medium for TB culture

A

Lowenstein Jensen

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2
Q

TB characteristic in colony

A

Serpentine growth

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3
Q

TB Drugs

A 
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
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4
Q

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

A

Isoniazid

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5
Q

Inhibits mycolic acid

Inhibits the enzyme desaturase (bacilli cell wall synthesis)

A

Isoniazid

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6
Q

Isoniazid absorption impaired by

A

intake of antacid

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7
Q

Isoniazid is an enzyme

A

inhibitor

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8
Q

Isonizid inhibits CYP450 and increases concentration of

A

Phenytoin
Warfarin
Benzodiazepine

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9
Q

Isoniazid adverse effects

A 
SLE
Hepatotoxicity
Neurotoxicity (Peripheral neuritis)
Rashes
Crosses placenta and can cause peripheral neuritis
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10
Q

Antidote for Isoniazid-induced peripheral neuritis

A

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine

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11
Q

Metabolites of isoniazid

A

Acetylisoniazid
Acetylhydrazine
Hydrazine

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12
Q

Most active agent of the TB regimen

A

Rifampin

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13
Q

Obtained from streptomyces mediterranei
Inhibits B subunit of DNA depedent RNA polymerase

Inhibits RNA/protein synthesis

A

Rifampin

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14
Q

Rifampin is an enzyme

A

inducer of CYP450

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15
Q

Used in meningococci, leprosy, Legionnaire’s disease

A

Rifampin/Rifampicin

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16
Q

Causes red orange urine and tears

A

Rifampin

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17
Q

Rifampicin SE

A

Red orange urine and tears

Rash, fever, flulike symptoms

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18
Q

Used for prophylaxis of meningococcemia

A

Rifampicin

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19
Q

Firstl line for short term TB treatment

A

Pyrazinamide

Pyrazinecarboxamide

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20
Q

Adverse effect of Pyrazinamide

A

Hepatotoxicity

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21
Q

Must be enzymatically hydrolyzed to pyrazinoic acid its active form

A

Pyrazinamide

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22
Q

Unknown mechanism
Bacteriostatic

Inhibition of mycobaterial arabinosyl transferase enzyme

Inhibits arabinoglycan (important for bacilli cell wall synthesis)

A

Ethambutol

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23
Q

Ethambutol can cause

A

Optic neuritis and

Loss of ability to discriminate between red and green

24
Q

Structural analog of isoniazid

A

Ethionamide

25
Q

Used in treatment of isoniazid resistant TB

A

Ethionamide

26
Q

Ethionamide AE

A

Gastric irritation
Helatotoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Optic neuritis

27
Q

2nd line anti-TB drug that is a structural analog of isoniazid

A

Ethionamide

28
Q

Rifampicin Major SE

A

Red orange secretion and urine

29
Q

Isoniazid Major SE

A

Peripheral neuritis

30
Q

Pyrazinamide Major SE

A

Inc uric acid

Hepatotoxicity

31
Q

Ethambutol Major SE

A

Visual problems

32
Q

Streptomycin Major SE

A

Ototoxic

33
Q

Only aminoglycoside used for TB
First antibiotic effective in the treatment of tuberculosis
Bactericidal for actively dividing intracellular mycobacteria

A

Streptomycin

34
Q

Streptomycin AE

A

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

35
Q

Drugs used in the treatment of Leprosy

A

Dapsone
Clofazimine
Rifampicin

36
Q

PABA antagonist

Sulfonamide

A

Dapsone

37
Q

Dapsone SE

A

GI irritation
Methemoglobinemia
Hemolytic anemia (G6PD deficiency)

38
Q

Basic red dye used in the treatment of leprosy including dapsone-resistant forms

A

Clofazimine

39
Q

All first line TB meds are bactericidal

EXCEPT

A

Ethambutol (Bacteriostatic)

40
Q

Only IV antiTB first line drug

A

Streptomycin

41
Q

Resistance to more than one drug but not the combination isoniazid and rifampicin

A

Poly-resistant

42
Q

Second line anti TB drugs

A 
Ethionamide*
Prothionamide
Cycloserine
Fluoroquinolone*
Terizadone
Para-aminosalicylic acid
Thiacetazone
Clofazimine
Amikacin*
Kanamycin*
Capreomycin *
43
Q

Nove generation anti TB

A

Delamanid
Pretomanid
Bedaquiline

44
Q

Enzyme required for cel wall synthesis inhibited by isoniazid

A

Desaturase

45
Q

Isoniazid side effect

A

Iron accumulates in mitochondria (Sideroblastic anemia)
Neuritis/neuropathy (Vit B6 Pyridoxine supplement)
Hepatitis
Psychosis and other CNS symptoms
Drug induced Lupus

46
Q 
Arthritis
Rash
Photosensitivity
Fever 
Myalgia
A

Drug induced Lupus

47
Q

Drug induced lupus associated with antibodies

A

Antihistone antibody

48
Q

Drug Induced Lupus

A

HIP POP MCS

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Oxcarbazepine
Propafone 
Minocyclin
Carbamazepine
Sulfonamide
49
Q

Ethambutol dose

A

15mg/kg/day

50
Q

Ethambutol SE

A

Retrobulbar optic neuritis
Optic neuritis
Barrel vision
Red oranfe Blindness

51
Q

Ethambutol dose related optic neuro

A

15 mg 1% optic neuropathy
25 mg 5% optic neuropathy
50 mg 15% optic neuropathy

Onset in 1 month
Recovery on discontinuing of drug; rarely permanent

52
Q

Pyrazinamide Mechanism

A

Pyrazinamidase deaminates pyrazinamide into pyrazinoic acid killing mycobacteria and inhibits Fas (inhibit growth mycobacteria)

53
Q

Nicotinamide analog

Bactericidal for actively dividing intracellular mycobacteria

Main effect occur in a few months

A

Pyrazinamide

54
Q

Binds 30s ribosomes
False pair of codon:anticodone
False reading of genetic cord
Inhibit protein synthesis

A

Streptomycine

55
Q

Derived from nitro-dihydroimidazooxazole class of compounds that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis of bacterial cell wall

Treatment of MDRTB and extensively drug resistant TB

A

Delamanid

56
Q

Treatment of multidrugresistant TB

Inhibits mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate synthase

A

Bedaquiline

Pharma (26 decks)

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