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Pharma > Antimalarial and Anti Parasitic > Flashcards

Antimalarial and Anti Parasitic Flashcards

1
Q

4-aminoquinolone derivative that prevents polymerizarion of the hemoglobin breakdown product heme into hemozoin

Drug of choice for P falciparum (chloroquine sensitive)

Heme accumulation is toxic to parasite

Blood schizonticide

A

Chloroquine

GI upset
Rash
Headache

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2
Q

Chloroquine resistance is brought about by

A

Decreased intracellular accumulation via increased activity of membrane transporters

Decreased accumulation of chloroquine via a transporter encoded by the pfcrt gene (chloroquine-resistance transporter gene)

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3
Q

Complexes with double stranded DNA to prevent strand separation resulting in blockade of DNA replication and transcription to RNA

Drug of choice for chloroquine resistant malaria

Solely a schizonticide

A

Quinine

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4
Q

Rare and fatal complication in quinine-sensitized persons

Blood lysis -> hemoglobinuria -> fatal

Contraindicated in pregnancy

A

Blackwater fever

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5
Q

Forms quinoline-quinone metabolites which are electron-transferring redox compounds that act as cellular oxidants

Tissue schizonticide and limits transmission by acting as a gametocide

Active against liver forms of P vivax and ovale

A

Primaquine

Also PCP

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6
Q

Metabolism to toxic free radicals in protozoa

Blood schizonticide

A

Artemisinins

GI upset

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7
Q

Disrupts mitochondrial metabolism

For falciparum

A

Atovaquone

Alternative for PCP

Fever
Rash
GI upset

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8
Q

Can cause blood cytopenias

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

Primaquine

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9
Q

Inhibits folate synthesis

Mostly blood schizonticides

A

Antifolates
Pyrimethamine
Proguanil
Fansidar (Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine)

GI upset
Rashes (sometime severe severe)
Cytopenias

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10
Q

Undergoes a reductive bioactivation of its nitro group by ferredoxin (present in anaerobic parasites) to form reactive cytotoxic products

E hystolitica
Giardiasis
Trichomonas vaginalis 
Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacteroides fragilis
C difficile
A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

Drug of choice for trichomonas

Giardiasis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobic bacteria (B fragilis, C difficle)
H. pylori

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Amebiasis

trophozoites
cyst

A

Metronidazole

Diloxanide - luminal

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13
Q

Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

treat both partners

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15
Q

Pneumocystis

A

TMP-SMX

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16
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

If with HIV TMP-SMX

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17
Q

Leishmania

A

Stibogluconate

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18
Q

Trypanosome

A

Nifurtimox - Chagas

Suramin - African

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19
Q

Crosses CNS and placenta
For acute attacks of malaria
Because of antiinflammatory effect, it is sometimes used in autoimmune disease

A

Chloroquine

20
Q

Chloroquine SE

A

Low dose: GI, headache, rash

High dose: Retinal damage, neuropathies, myocardial depression, psychosis, hearing loss

Long term: discoloration of mucous membrane, hemolytic anemia in G6PD

21
Q

Quinine SE

A

Cinchonism
Hemolytic anemia G6PD
Blackwater fever

22
Q

MOA unknown

Excreted in feces

Used in prophylaxis and treatment of chloroquine-resistant P falciparum

May cause seizures, hallucinations, depression at high doses

A

Mefloquine

23
Q

(Pyrimethamine) Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
For chloroquine-resistant species

Drug of choice for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine (Fansidar)

24
Q

Forms redox compounds acting as cellular oxidants

Used for relapsing malaria -> eradicates liver stages of P vivax and ovale

A

Primaquine

25
Q

Primaquine SE

A

Hemolytic anemia G6PD
Granulocytopenia
Headache
Methemoglobinemia

26
Q

Drug of choice for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine with folinic acid

27
Q

From infected sandflies
Leishmaniasis

Kala azar

A

Sodium stibogluconate

28
Q

Inhibits PFK reaction of glycolysis
Monitor renal and hepatic function
Adverse effect: Arrythmia

A

Sodium stibogluconate

29
Q

Prophlaxis and treatment of African sleeping sickness without CNS involvement

Kerandel’s sign

A

Suramin

30
Q

Drug of choice for African sleeping sickness with CNS involvement

A

Melarsoprol

31
Q

Drug of choice for hemolymphatic stages of African Sleeping Sickness

Kerandel’s sign

A

Pentamidine

32
Q

Drug of choice for American sleeping sickness Chagas

Chagoma
Romana’s sign

A

Nifurtimox

33
Q

Metronidazole SE

A 
Disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol
Metallic taste 
Potentiation of Warfarin’s effect
Nausea and vomiting
Urine discoloration 
Oral candidias
CNS disturbance - dizziness, vertigo, numbness, paresthesia
Contraindicated in pregnancy
34
Q

H pylori triple treatment

A

Clarithromycin + Metronidazole/Amoxicillin + PPI

35
Q

Drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst shedders ameba

Contrandicated in pregnant women and those <2

A

Diloxanide furoate

Iodoquinol tetracycline emetine dehydroemetine chloroquine

36
Q

Drug of choice for pinworm (enterobius) and whipworm (trichiuris), hookworm (necator)

Effective against round worm (ascaris)

Teratogenic

Mild SE: nausea and vomiting

A

Mebendazole

37
Q

Drug of choice for ascaris and hookworm (necator)

Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade -> paralyzes the worm

A

Pyrantel pamoate

38
Q

For threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis)

May cause tingling, numbness, diarrhea, nausea and SJS

A

Thiabendazole

39
Q

For cysticercosis, hydatid cyst, cutaneous larva migrans

Inhibits uptake of glucose

A

Albendazole

40
Q

Inhibits microtubule synthesis and glucose uptake in nematodes

A

Mebendazole

41
Q

Drug of choice for filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti

Unknown MOA

A

Diethylcarbamazine

42
Q 
Dying microfilariae 
Pruritus
Lymphadenopathy
Hypotension
Tachycardia

In treatment of Wuchereria and onchocerca

A

Mazzotti reaction

43
Q

Drug of choice for onchocerca volvulus, threadworm (strongyloides)

Intensifies GABA transmission -> paralysis of worm

A

Ivermectin

44
Q

For schistosomiasis

Increases permeability to calcium -> tetanic contraction of nematode

A

Praziquantel

45
Q

Drug of choice for tapeworm (cestode) infection

Inhibits mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate within cestodes

A

Niclosamide

46
Q

Treats river blindness

Oncocerca volvulus

A

Ivermectin

Pharma (26 decks)

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