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Pharma > Anti-Hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti-Hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Activates central a2 adrenoreceptors in medulla oblongata
Dec central sympa outflow
Dec NE from noradrenergic nerve endings

A

Methyldopa
Clonidine
Guanabenz/Guanfacine

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2
Q

Methyldopa SE (7)

A 
Sedation
Nightmare
Depression
EPS
Hemolytic anemia
Drug fever
Hepatitis
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3
Q

Clonidine SE (4)

A

Dry mouth
Sedation
Depression
Rebound hypertension

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4
Q

Drug that should be avoided in elderly

A

Clonidine

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5
Q

Sympatho and parasympathoplegia

Competitively blocks nicotinic receptors on post ganglionic neurons

A

Ganglion blockers
Hexanethonium
Mecamylamine

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6
Q

Ganglion blocker SE

A 
OH
Sexual dysfxn
Constipation
Urinary retention
Glaucoma
No longer used
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7
Q

Reduces all sympathetic effects

A

Nerve terminal blocking
Reserpine
Guanethedine

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8
Q

Blocks vesicular amine transporter in noradrenergic nerves

A

Reserpine

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9
Q

Replaces NE in vesicles

Dec sympathetic effect

A

Guanethedine

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10
Q

Nerve terminal blocker SE (8)

A 
Mild diarrhea
GI cramps
Inc gastric acid secretion
Sedation
Lassitude
Nightmare
Severe mental depression 
EPS
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11
Q

Alpha 1 Receptor sites (4)

A

Peripheral bv
Eye
Sex organs male
Bladder neck

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12
Q

Alpha 2 receptor site

A

Presynaptic neurons

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13
Q

Beta 1 receptor sites (2)

A

Myocardium

Kidney

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14
Q

Beta 2 receptor sites (5)

A 
Peripheral blood vessel
Bronchial smooth muscle
Uterus
Liver
Skeletal muscle
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15
Q

Alpha 1 and 2 blocker

No value in chronic hypertension bec of excessive tachycardia

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

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16
Q

Nonselective alpha blocker indication

A

Pheochromocytoma

Clonidine withdrawal

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17
Q

Effective when combined with beta blocker/diuretic

Blocks vasoconstriction

A

Alpha 1 selective blocker
Terazosin
Prazosin
Tamsulosin

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18
Q

Alpha 1 selective blocker

A

Hypertension

BPH

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19
Q

Alpha 1 selective blocker SE

A

OH

+ ANA, SLE prazosin

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20
Q

No clinical indication
Found in energy drinks/far burner/workout supplement
Blocks vasodilation inc BP

A

Alpha 2 selective blocker

Yohimbine

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21
Q

Dec CO

Dec renin and SNS receptor activity

A

Beta blocker

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22
Q

Beta blocker SE (3)

A

Bronchospasm
Erectile dysfunction
Excessive cardiac dysfunction

23
Q

Non selective beta blockers

A 
Propranolol
Nadolol
Carteolol
Carvedilol
Pindolol
Penbutalol
24
Q

Selective beta blocker

A 
Betaxolol
Bisprolol
Acebutalol
Nebivolol
Esmolol
25
Q

Beta blockers with long half lives and need dose adjustment in renal and liver disease

A

Nadolol
Carteolol
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol

26
Q

Advantageous in asthma, DM, PVD

Used in HTN and HF

A

Metoprolol

Atenolok

27
Q

Partial agonist
Intrinsic sympathetic activity
Msy cause bradyarrhythmia and PVD

A

Pindolol
Acebutalol
Penbutalol

28
Q

Combined alpha and beta blocking activity
Reduced mortality in HF
Inc endothelial release of nitric oxide

A

Labetalol
Carvedilol
Nebivolol

29
Q 
Very short half life
Intraoperative and
Postoperative hypertension
IV - immediate dec in HR
For severe tachycardia in OR
A

Esmolol

30
Q

Inhibits calcium influx into arterial smooth muscle cell

A

Calcium ch blocker

31
Q

More selective as vasodilators
Acts mainly on blood vessels
Reflex SNS activation with slight tachycardia

A 
Dihydropiridine 
Amlodipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Felodipine
Nimodipine
32
Q

Contraindicates in MI

A

Nifedipine short acting

33
Q

Dihydropiridine SE (2)

A

Constipation

Edema

34
Q

Cardiac depressant
Contraindicated in heart failure
Affects blood vessel and heart

A

Non Dihydropyridine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

35
Q

Dilates arteriole not veins

Combining it with nitrate is effective in HF

A

Hydralazine

36
Q

Hydralazine SE

A 
SLE
Headache
Nausea
Anorexia
Palpitation
Sweating
Flushing
37
Q 
Dilates both arterial and venous vessel
Activates guanylyl cyclase
Inc cGMP
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Rapid action, short duration, photosensitive
A

Nitroprusside

38
Q

Nitropruside SE

A

Severe hypotension

Cyanide toxicity

39
Q

Tx of cyanide tox

A

Sodium thiosulfate

40
Q

Causes hyperpolarization or opening of K channel
Dilates arteriole but not veins
Used in combination with beta blocker and loop diuretic

A

Minoxidil

41
Q

Minoxidil SE (4)

A

Hypertrichosis
Hirsutism
Headache
Sweating

42
Q

Hyperpolarization of membrane opening of K ch
Rapid fall in systemic vascular resistance and MAP
Similar chemically to thiazide but without diuretic activity
Inhibits insulin release from pancreas (insulinoma)

A

Diazoxide

43
Q

Diazoxide SE (2)

A

Hypotension

Hyperglycemia

44
Q

Dilation of peripheral arteries and natriuresis
hypertensive emergencies and post op hypertension
Inc intraocular pressure CI:glaucoma

A

Fenoldopam

45
Q

Fenoldopam SE (4)

A

Reflex tachycardia
Headache
Flushing
Hypotension

46
Q

Inhibits converting enzyme peptidyl dipeptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin I to angiotensin II

A

ACE Inhibitors

47
Q

ACEI causes cough bec

A

Inactivates bradykinin releasing NO and prostacyclin (vasodilator)

48
Q

ACE I can be used in

A

HTN
CKD
HF
POST MI

49
Q

ACE I are all prodrugs and converted in metabolites in the

A

liver

50
Q

ACE I are eliminated in

A

Kidney

except Moexipril and Fosinopril

51
Q

ACE I/ARB SE (6)

A 
Hyperkalemia
Dry cough
Angioedema
AKI
Severe hypotension
Neutropenia
52
Q

ACE I contraindication

A

Pregnancy

53
Q

Blocks angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 receptor)

A

ARB

Losartan
Valsartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Telmisartan
Olmesartan
54
Q

ARB duration of action

A

6-8 hours

Pharma (26 decks)

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