Antiseizure Flashcards
What are the Na channel blockers of antiepileptic drugs?
Carbamazepine/phenytoin/lamotrigine (block glutamate receptor too)
What are the 2 common glutamate receptors and what are their characteristics?
NMDA and AMPA
Weak stimulation activate AMPA first—>NMDA is blocked by Mg2+—>strong stimulation kick off Mg2+ and activate NMDA
Which 2 drugs block NMDA and AMPA? and what are they used for?
Felbamte blocks NMDA
Topiramate blocks AMPA
Antiepileptic
What drugs block presynaptic Ca2+ channels and thus have antiepileptic affect?
Ethosuximide/gabapentin
What is DOC for absence seizure?
Ethosuximide
What is used for status epilepticus?
IV benzo
If a pt has absence seizure and partial complex seizure, what drug should be given?
Valproic acid (absence + something else = valproic acid)
What are the side effects of phenytoin?
Gingival hyperplasia
Hirsutism
Osteomalacia (interferes with Vitamin D metabolism)
Teratogen—>cleft lip and palate
What is carbamazapine used for besides antiepileptic? side effects?
DOC for trigeminal neuralgia (aka tic douloureux)—>intense facial pain
Bipolar
Side effects: Megaloblastic anemia Aplastic anemia Increase ADH secretion--->hyponatremia Stevens-Johnson syndrome teratogen like phenytoin
What else is valproic acid used for? side effects?
Mania of bipolar
Mirgraine prophylaxis
Side effect:
Hepatotoxicity (especially for spina bifida
Side effect of lamotrigine?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
What is levetiracetam used for?
Focal onset and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
What is the side effect of felbamate that limit its use?
Aplastic anemia
What else does cabapentin used for?
Neuropathic pain like postherpetic neuralgia
What happens if you abruptly withdraw antiepileptics?
Precipitate seizures
