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Unit 4 > Antihistamine > Flashcards

Antihistamine Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine is released from what cells?

A

Basophil and mast cells

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2
Q

How is NO produced?

A

Arginine —(NO synthase)—>citrulline + NO

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3
Q

H1 receptor is __ coupled receptor, and activation of it would cause?

A 
Gq
Vasodilation via NO
Increase capillary permeability 
Smooth muscle contraction 
Pain and itch
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4
Q

Where are H2 receptor cells located and activation causes what?

A

H2 receptors are found in gastric parietal cells

Activation–>increase acid secretion

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5
Q

H1 antagonists are competitive or noncompetitive blockers? and what are the 1st and 2nd gen drugs?

A

Competitive
1st gen—>diphenhydramine/promethazine/chlorpheniramine/meclizine
2nd gen—>cetirizine/loratadine/fexofenadine

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6
Q

What are the benefits of 2nd gen H1 blockers comparing with 1st gen?

A

2nd gen do not cross BBB—>non sedating
2nd gen do not block M—>unlike 1st gen
1st gen—>sedating/anti M

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7
Q

What are the 2 commonly used antiemetic H1 blockers? and what about nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?

A

Meclizine and promethazine

Meclizine

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8
Q 
H1 or H2?
Allergic reaction
Motion sickness
Preoperative sedation 
Sleep aid 
Parkinson 
Acute EPS
A

Allergic—>both H1 and H2

All the rest are for H1

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9
Q

What is the end product of 5HT metabolism?

A

5-HIAA

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10
Q

Which 5HT receptor that is directly coupled to an ion channel? and what are the rest of the 5HT receptor coupled with?

A

5HT3

The rest are G-protein coupled receptors

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of buspirone?

A

5HT1a partial agonist for chronic anxiety

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of “triptans” and what are they used for?

A

5HT1d agonist—>vasocontrict—>acute migraine

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13
Q

Are 5HT2 receptor inhibitory or excitatory in the CNS

A

Excitatory

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14
Q

What group of drugs that block 5HT2a receptor?

A

Atypical antipsychotic like olanzapine

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of cyproheptadine?

A

5HT2 blocker for serotonin syndrome

H1 blocker—>seasonal allergy

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16
Q

What does 5HT3 receptor do? and what drugs act on them?

A

Mediate vomiting

“setrons” drugs block them—>antiemetic

17
Q

What is the mechanism of ergotamine and what is it used for? side effect?

A

Alpha 1/5HT2 agonist—>vasoconstriction—>acute migraine

Prolonged vasoconstriction—>ischemia and gangrene/abortion

18
Q

What other drugs can be used for acute migraine? and what drugs do we use for prophylaxis of migraine?

A

NSAIDs and acetaminophen

Propranolol (DOC)/verapamil/TCA/valproic acid

19
Q

What is ergonovine used for?

A

Uterine smooth muscle contraction—>give IM after placental delivery

20
Q

What are the drugs that cause gynecomastia?

A 
Some Drugs Causes Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone 
Digoxin 
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole

Unit 4 (28 decks)

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