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Unit 4 > Antibacterial/fungal/viral > Flashcards

Antibacterial/fungal/viral Flashcards

1
Q

How does the bacteria resist macrolides by alter target binding site?

A

Bacteria produce methyltransferases that alter 50s subunit

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2
Q

How does bacteria develop resistance to sulfonamides?

A

Increase production of PABA to out compete with sulfonamides

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3
Q

Which enzyme does beta lactam inhibit?

A

Transpeptidase

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4
Q

Do nafcillin/oxacillin resist beta lactamase?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Penicillin can be given with ___ to cover pseudomonas and enterococcus?

A

Aminoglycosides like gentamycin

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6
Q

How does beta lactamase inhibitor does its job?

A

Suicide inhibitor (irreversible inhibition)

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7
Q

What drug would inhibit penicillin/fluoroquinolone excretion, thus increase level of penicillin in the body?

A

Probenecid

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8
Q

Which 2 penicillins are excreted largely in the bile?

A

Nafcillin and oxacillin

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9
Q

What kind of pen G is used for syphilis?

A

Benzathine pen G (repository form)

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10
Q

How are most penicillin excreted?

A

Through kidney

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11
Q

What type of hypersensitivities can penicillin cause?

A

all 4 types

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12
Q

Which 2nd gen cephalosporin can enter CNS?

A

Cefuroxime

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13
Q

What generations of cephalosporins are resistant to beta lactamase?

A

3rd and 4th gen

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14
Q

What bacteria can’t cephalosporin kill?

A

Listeria/syphilis/enterococci

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15
Q

What is the role of cilastatin for imipenem?

A

Prevent imipenem to be metabolized into nephrotoxic metabolites

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16
Q

If you are sensitive to penicilin or cephalosporin, what else can you get?

A

Aztreonam

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17
Q

Tx for mild and serious enterococcus?

A

Mild—>ampicilin

Serious—>vanco

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18
Q

What causes the red man syndrome?

A

Infuse vanco too fast

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19
Q

What do macrolides/tetracycline/chloramphenicol block?

A

Macrolides—>50s subunit—>block translocation
Tetracycline—>30s subunit—>block docking of tRNA
Chloramphenicol—>block peptidyl transferase

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20
Q

What can aminoglycosides do to your swole muscle?

A

Make it weak

21
Q

Antibiotics that has side effect of phototoxicity? and how will it present clinically?

A

Tetracycline/sulfonamides/fluoroquinolone

Rash

22
Q

What else can you use to treat chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

23
Q

What is the alternative for treating lyme disease for young kids?

A

Amoxicillin

24
Q

What is tetracycline’s effect on kids?

A

Teeth discoloration and decrease bone growth

25
Q

How does macrolides treat gastroparesis?

A

Stimulate motilin receptors

26
Q

How do you develop resistance to macrolide?

A

Methylation of binding site

27
Q

Drug most used for CAP?

A

Macrolides

28
Q

What is streptogramins? MOA? what are they used for?

A

Quinupristin + dalfopristin
Bind to 50s
Used like linezolid–>for VRSA/VRE

29
Q

The mechanism of sulfonamide is similar to which drug?

A

Dapsone

30
Q

What cancer drug has the same MOA as trimethoprim?

A

MTX

31
Q

Where is sulfasalazine metabolized into 5-ASA? and why it is not as effective treating Crohn disease? and what drug do we usually used for Crohn disease?

A

Colon
It would only treat Crohn disease confined in the colon
Mesalamine

32
Q

What else can treat listeria besides ampixillin?

A

Bactrim

33
Q

How does sulfonamide cause kernicterus in neonate?

A

Compete with UCB to bind to albumin—>displace UCB—>UCB goes into the brain—>kernicterus

34
Q

DNA gyrase is also called?

A

Topoisomerase II

35
Q

If you can’t used macrolide for CAP, what else can you used instead?

A

Levofloxacin

36
Q

How does metronidazole kill the bacteria?

A

Convert to free radicals

37
Q

How does terbinafine work against fungus?

A

Inhibit squalene epoxidase—>accumulate squalene—>toxic to the fungus

38
Q

Which conazole cross BBB?

A

Fluconazole

39
Q

MOA of flucytosine?

A

Activated by cytosine deaminase—>convert to 5-FU—>inhibit thymidylate synthase—>decrease thymine

40
Q

How does phosphorylation of acyclovir come about?

A

Nucleoside—>First phosphate comes from the virus (thymidine kinase) the other 2 comes from host cells—>nucleotide

41
Q

Why pt who’s taking acyclovir need to be hydrated?

A

It might cause crystalluria

42
Q

How does nucleoside become active as an anti metabolite?

A

Need to be phosphorylated first

43
Q

Which 2 NRTIs can’t you use at the same time?

A

Lamivudine and emtricitabine

They are both cytosine analogs

44
Q

Which 2 NRTIs do we usually use nowadays?

A

Emtricitabine or lamivudine

45
Q

What drug is used for prophylaxis for RSV for kids?

A

Palivizumab

46
Q

What drugs are needed to treat P. vivax/ovale?

A

Chloroquine and primaquine

47
Q

What drugs are used for prophylaxis of malaria?

A

Chloroquine for chloroquine sensitive area

Mefloquine is used otherwise

48
Q

What cause hemolytic anemia with G6PD deficiency?

A

Primaquine/quinine/sulfonamide

Unit 4 (28 decks)

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