Antimicrobial Deck 4 Flashcards
Fluoroquinolones
1st Generation
Treats
No longer availible
2nd Generation
ciprofloxacin
Treats
Weak Gr +, Gr –
Pseudomonas
GU/UTI
Pseudomonas
3rd Generation
levofloxacin
tREATS
Gr+, Gr‐ Atypicals β lactamase DRSP ± Anaerobes ± Pseudomonas
Respiratory
GU
Pseudomonas
4th Generation
Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin
Treats
Atypicals, β lactamase, ±
Pseudomonas
DRSP, ± MRSA, ± Anaerobes
Resp, skin
Macrolides
Treats
Gr+ (SS) some Gr – (Neisseria,
H‐flu
Resp, Skin, Gu
Ketolide
telithromycin
Treats
Gr+, Gr‐
Atypicals, DRSP
Resp
Critical‐priority bacteria
– carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
– carbapenem‐resistant and third‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
High Priority
– Gram‐positive bacteria
- Vancomycin‐resistantEnterococcus faecium
* meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
High Priority
community‐acquired infections
- clarithromycin‐resistant Helicobacter pylori
- fluoroquinolone‐resistant Campylobacter spp
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Salmonella typhi
Targeted therapies
‐ traditional antibiotics and antibodies that are active against a single pathogen, especially Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Adjunctive therapies
– including drugs that target virulence factors,
biofilm formation, immune system stimulation, modifying the
microbiome, and phages. All such approaches require an active antibiotic
Potentiator
– an adjuvant drug, such as beta‐lactamase‐inhibitors or efflux pump inhibitors, improve the activity of an antibiotic by
inhibiting resistance determinants, either facilitating the
penetration or changing the sensitivity of the bacterial cell
Polymyxins
– revival of the polymyxin class as viable approach (Colistin)
