Antimalarials

Question 1

What drug kills tissue schizonts

Answer 1

Primaquine

Question 2

What kills blood schizonts

Answer 2

Heme polymerase inhibitors
Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Quinine/Chinine

Antifolate drugs
-Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine

-Atovaquone and Proguanil

Artemisins

Fantrines

• Halofantrine
• Lumefantrine

Question 3

What kills malaria gametes

Answer 3

Primaquine

Quinine kills P. vivax and P. ovale gametes.

The gametes are released in host blood, re-uptaken by a mosquito, where they then fuse and form new sporozites to be re-injected.

Question 4

Mechanism of Chloroquine

Answer 4

Inhibits protozoal heme-polymerase, causing accumulation of toxic heme killing the protozoans

Question 5

What is uncomplicated malaria

Severe malaria

Cerebral malaria

Answer 5

Blood load is below 5% of RBCs (parasitemia less than 5%)
Vital organs are not affected/damaged

Severe: only caused by falciparum.
Breathing difficulties, Severe blood load and anemia, low blood sugar, progressing to coma.

Cerebral: only by falciparum
CNS symptoms being manifested.

Question 6

Quick lifecycle of the plasmodium

Answer 6

Sporozites waiting in the mosquito

Injected into blood

Go to liver
Infect hepatocytes, divide into thousands of merozoites and hepatocytes rupture.

Merozoites enter blood and infect RBCs, and develop into Schizonts, which the repeatedly divide asexually and re-infect RBCs in predictable cycles.

Some merozoites become gametocytes and are released waiting to be re-eaten by a mosquito.

Question 7

What drug combo makes up Malaron

What is their mechanisms

Answer 7

Atovaquone - Inhibits schizont mitochondria

Proguanil - Dihydrofolate Reductase inhibitor