Antigen receptor diversity

Question 1

What are the main mechanisms that generate antigen receptor diversity

Answer 1

VDJ recombination
class switch recombination
Somatic hypermutation

Question 2

What is the role of rag1 and rag2 in antigen receptor diversity

Answer 2

They initate VDJ recombination by recognizing recombination signal sequences and creating double strand breaks

Question 3

How does VDj recombination contribute to receptor diversity

Answer 3

It randomly combines variable , diversity and joining gene segments to create unique antigen receptors

Question 5

What enzyme is essential for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation

Answer 5

Activation induced cytidine deaminase(AID)

Question 6

How does somatic hypermutation improve antibody function

Answer 6

It introduces mutations in the variable region to enhance antigen binding affinity

Question 7

How can errors in VDJ recombination lead to cancer

Answer 7

Chromosomal translocations involving antigen receptor loci can activate oncogenes , leading to lymphoid cancers

Question 8

Give an example of a translocation linked to lymphoid cancer

Answer 8

BCL-2/IgH translocation in follicular lymphoma

Question 9

What are cryptic recombination and end donation

Answer 9

Errors during recombination that result in oncogene activation and genomic instability

Question 10

What is the primary function of recombination signal sequences

Answer 10

To guide RAG complex in utting and rearranging antigen receptor gene segments