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micro immuno exam 1 > Antigen Presentation > Flashcards

Antigen Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

How were Major Histocompatibility Complexes discovered

A

Due to their importance during tissue rejection

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2
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex is encoded where

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex on Chromosome 6

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3
Q

What are Major Histocompatibility Complex genes

A

Polygenic, extremely polymorphic, Codominantly expressed

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4
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules are neccessary to

A

Present Ag to T cells

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5
Q

Who has MHC Class I

A

All nucleated cells

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6
Q

What do MHC Class I display

A

Endogenous peptides

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7
Q

What do MHC Class I present to

A

CD8+ T cells

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8
Q

Who expresses MHC Class II

A

on professional antigen presenting cells

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9
Q

What do MHC Class II present

A

exogenous peptides

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10
Q

Who do MHC CLass II present to

A

CD4+ T cells

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11
Q

Strucutural difference between Class I and Class II MHC structures

A

Class I, only in membrane once, where class II enters cell membrane twice

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12
Q

MHC Peptide Binding region for Class I and Class II

A

Class I: 8-10 amino acids

Class II: 13-18 amino acids

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13
Q

The breakdown of macromolecules into amller fragments in order to prepare for presentation to a t cell

A

Antigen Processing

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14
Q

4 ways of Ag Processing

A

Exogenous, Endogenous, Cross-presentation, autophagic

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15
Q

endogenous pathway

A

Infection by bacteria, antigen degraded in ctosol, peptide association with MHC Class I, activation of CD8 Tc Cells

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16
Q

Exogenous Pathway

A

Internalization by APCs, antigen degradation in endocytic compartment, peptide assocation with MHC class II, Activation of CD4 Th cells

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17
Q

Cross presentation

A

Starts in exogenous pathway and ends in endogenous pathway (outside but MHC class I)

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18
Q

Autophagic

A

Starts in endogenous pathway and ends in exogenous pathway (inside but MHC class II)

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19
Q

Naive T Cell Activation

A

Uses a Dendritic cell to take up antigen, and results in Clonal expansion and differentiation into effector T cells

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20
Q

Effector T cell activation

A

Marcrophase presnts, leading to T cell activation and activation of macrophages for Cell-mediated Immunity

And B cell activation and antibody production leading to humoral immunity

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21
Q

What i contained in the Alpha subunit of MHC Class I

A

Enter into the membrane and have the peptide binding chain

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22
Q

Subunits of MHC CLass I

A

Alpha and Beta subunits both insert into the membrane and also have a peptide binding cleft

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23
Q

3 types of Antigen Presenting Cells

A

Mature DC, Macrophages, B cells

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24
Q

What is the best at presenting to a T cell

A

Dendritic cells (high MHC II and constimulary molecules)

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25
Q

What can activate a Naive T cell

A

Dendritic cells

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26
Q

What are macrophages and B cells good activating

A

Effector cells and memory T cells

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27
Q

Action of Dendritic Cells

A

Recognize antigen, Phagocytosis it, activating DC cell. Begins processing, drain through lymphatics , to find the correct T cell, to activate that T cell

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28
Q

Exogenous Pathway

A

Internatlize antigen by phagocytosis to form phagosome. This fuses with lysosome to bread down antigen. At the same time the RER begins making Class II MHC. Passes throught the SER, Golgi, then heads to Lysosome, to degrade invariant chain. HLA-DM removed clip and peptide from antigen to be presented on the outside of the cell.

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29
Q

What parts are uniquie to the exogenous pathway

A

Invariant chain, Clip, HLA-DM, MHC II

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30
Q

Endogenous Pathway

A

Internal peptide has a tag added to it from the Ubiquitin Protein. Tis tells the protein to be degraded by the proteosome. TAP puts these fragments into the endoplasmic reticulum and is loaded into MHC Class I

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31
Q

Cross Presentation pathway

A

APC ingest and processes virally infected cell. Viral Proteins enter the cytosol and is processes via endogenous pathway(protesome) to activate a CD8 cell via MHC I

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32
Q

Autophagic Pathway

A

Uses internal stuff and degrades it with lysosome and presented in MHC II

33
Q

Receptor responsible for antigen recognition on t Cells

A

T cell Receptor

34
Q

Alpha Beta T cells recognize

A

MHC/Ag

35
Q

Where Alpha-Beta T cells Reside

A

In secondary Lymphoid tissue

36
Q

Gamma delta T cells recognize

A

Processed/unprocessed ligands (innate immune cells)

37
Q

Where gamma delta T cells are found

A

Intraepithelial Tissues

38
Q

Structure of T cell Receptor

A

1 variable region on each chain(2 total)

1 constant region on each chain (two total)

39
Q

The T Cell receptors need to recognize

A

Peptide + MHC

40
Q

What helps to start an intracellular chain of events in a T cell Receptor

A

CD3 (zeta chains)

41
Q

What recognizes MHC class I

A

CD8 T Cell

42
Q

What recognizes MHC Class II

A

CD4 T cell

43
Q

What are CD4 T cells

And CD8

A

Helper T cells

Cytotoxic

44
Q

How TCR Complex is activated

A

MHC interacts with T cell receptor. CD4 or CD8 recognizes when this becomes activated and this activates Lck which phosphorylates tyrosines in ITAMs

45
Q

Can a TCR undergo VDJ recombination

A

Yes

46
Q

V(D) J recombination occures where

A

In the Variable region

47
Q

HOw T cell and B cell development is similar

A

Begin in bone marrow
V(D)J recombination of variable region of TCR leads to antigenic diversity
At one point cells express both CD4 and CD8
Undergo positive and negative selection

48
Q

What do T cell development begin with

A

NK/T precursor cell

49
Q

Where do T cells (thymocytes) move to finish development

A

leave bone marrow to go to thymus

50
Q

What molcules of T cell development are involved in Establishing central tolerance

A

MHC molecules

51
Q

Can Somatic hypermutation occur in T cells

A

No

52
Q

Role of Rag genes

A

do V(D)J recombination

53
Q

What surface molecules are expressed by T cell stem cells

A

Adhesion molecules

54
Q

Does Recombination of V(D)J occure during stem cell stage of T cells

A

No

55
Q

1st tell cell stage in the thymus

A

Pro-T cell

56
Q

When does the Beta Chain first recombo for T-cell

A

At the end of the Pro-T cell

57
Q

When the Beta chain recombo for T cells end and alpha begins

A

Pre-T (alpha at the end)

58
Q

DOuble positive T cell

A

full T receptor and CD4 and CD8

59
Q

When T cells go through positve and negative selection

A

Double possitive

60
Q

What separates Single possitve T cell

A

when it only recognizes as a CD4 or CD8 cell

61
Q

Negative selection

A

Dies because reacts to much to MHC

62
Q

Cell involved in Naive T cell activation

A

Dendritic Cells

63
Q

Naive T cell activation steps

A

Dendritic cells process antigen, present to a CD4 T cell and co-stimulatory factors

64
Q

The Best epitope of activating a T Cells

A

immunodominant

65
Q

Steps of signalling T cells

A
  • Ag recognition
  • Costimulation(IL-2 needed to activate)
  • Cytokines
  • Differentiation (cytokines)
66
Q

B7 is related to

A

Found on the antigen presenting cells to adhere to CD28 for signal transduction via costimulation

67
Q

IL-2 is needed for

A

Survial, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells

68
Q

Roll of CD4 T cell

A

Activation of Macrophages, B cells, and others, plus inflammation

69
Q

Roll of CD8 T cells

A

Killing of infected cells, macrophage activation

70
Q

CD4 subsets

A

Subsets of Helper T cells that match for which type of problem you have

71
Q

FUnction of Th1 helper t cells

A

T help for Tc response against intracellular pathogens (activate macrophages) (IFN7)

72
Q

Function of Th2 helper t cells

A

T cell for B cell responses against extraceullar pathogens and humoral activation (IL-4)

73
Q

Th17 roll

A

Inflammation and mucosal immune response(antimicrobial peptides), recruit nutrophils (IL-17)

74
Q

Treg roll

A

Peripheral tollerance, make sure immune response does not get out of control (IL-10)

75
Q

The Cytotoxic Cells

A

CD8 T cells

76
Q

Ctokines needed for CD8 T cells

A

IL-2, IL-12, and type 1 IFN

77
Q

interaction of cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

A

Interacts with Anitgen bound to MHC class 1. GRanule exocytosis to kill target. Releases and taget cell dies

78
Q

What is left after Contraction of Immune system

A

Memory T cells

micro immuno exam 1 (8 decks)

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