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micro immuno exam 1 > Adaptive immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Large Glycoproteins that recognize a specific Antigen

A

Immunoglobulin

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2
Q

Types of immunoglobin

A

Membrane bound-b cell receptors

Non-membrane bound-antibody

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3
Q

Parts of an antibody

A

Heavy(long) and light(short) chain

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4
Q

how heavy and light chain connect

A

Disulfide bond

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5
Q

How many different types of heavy and light chains can a b cell produce

A

one type of each

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6
Q

Papain turns an antibody into

A

2 Fab fragments and one Fc fragment

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7
Q

Where anitgen binds

A

Fab fragments

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8
Q

The Fc area of an antibody binds wehre

A

Fc receptors on innate immune cells

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9
Q

Where antigen binding occures

A

Variable region(different between antibodies) contain and light and heavy chain part

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10
Q

Are Immunoglobulins flexible

A

Yes, needs to move a bit to bind to antigens

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11
Q

Amino acid sequence that demonstrate extreme variability between different lg molecules

A

Hypervariable regions

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12
Q

Where the Hypervariable region is found

A

at least 3 areas of the variable region

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13
Q

length of the hypervariable region

A

5-7 amino acids longs

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14
Q

Role of the hypervariable regions

A

give rise to the enormous antigenic diversity associated with Ig molecules

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15
Q

Region of antigen with little variation

A

Constant region

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16
Q

changes in the Constant region leads to

A

change in size, charge, solubility, and structure of an Ig molecule

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17
Q

Different structures of Ig molecules

A

isotypes

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18
Q

Light chain isotypes

A

Kappa and Lambda

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19
Q

Role of Light Chain Isotypes

A

Contribute to diversity but not function

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20
Q

different heavy chain isotypes

A

Mu, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, and alpha in addition to subclasses within

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21
Q

What is produced when a naive b cell first encounters an antigen

A

It will produce IgM

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22
Q

what can lead to class switching of isotypes

A

Genetic Rearrangements of the constant region

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23
Q

Structural Isoforms

A

Membrane-bound Ig
Secreted Ig
Secretory Ig

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24
Q

Where Secretory and Secreted Isoforms are found

A

Secretory- secretions (tears mucus)

Secreted-found in blood

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25
Q

Domain found on membrane-bound Ig

A

Cytoplasmic and Transmembrane domain

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26
Q

Secreted Ig lacks

A

Transmembrane and cytoplasmic donmains

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27
Q

Roll of Secretory component of Ig

A

Protection

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28
Q

Packages the Heavy and light chain Immunoglobins

A

the Smooth ER

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29
Q

When membrane bound immunoglobin binds to the membrane

A

In the ER and allways until it binds to cell membrane

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30
Q

Multiple immunoglobulins together

A

Polymeric Immunoglobulins

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31
Q

Most common Polymeric Immunoglobulins

A

igM=5

igA=2

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32
Q

Holds together Polymeric Immunoglobulins

A

J chain

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33
Q

How Secretory Immunoglobenulins enter the lumen

A

Bind to receptor, enter transport vesicle then enter the lumen of body tract

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34
Q

Because B Cell receptors don’t go far into the cytoplasm, what do they complex with to induce a response

A

Ig-alpha and Ig-beta and they use ITAM to induce a response

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35
Q

Exons vs introns

A

Coding

Non coding

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36
Q

What makes up the variable region of Immunoglobulin genes

A

Small DNA fragments call gene segements

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37
Q

Types of Gene segments

A

Variable, Diversity, Joining

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38
Q

What gene segment does the light chain not have

A

D segment

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39
Q

What is Somatic recombination

A

Random rearangement of the V, D, and J segments of the variable region

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40
Q

Where V, D, J recombination occures

A

in every naive B cell

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41
Q

Changing V, D, J recombination

A

Perminant

42
Q

V, D, J Recombination allows for

A

Large antigenic diversity of Ig

43
Q

Relation between V, D, J recombination and the Ig Isotype

A

NO relation

44
Q

The Antigenic Determinant is also called an

A

Epitope

45
Q

Do antigens always bind to the entire Ag site

A

No, tend to make most contact with CDR3 of Ig H chain

46
Q

how the anti body can change to for to the antigen

A

conformational changes

47
Q

The strength of the non-covalent association between one antigen-binding site and one antigenic epitope

A

Affinity

48
Q

The overall strength of the bond between a multivalent Ab and Multivalent Ag

A

Avidity

49
Q

Occurs when one epitope is shared by two Ag, or when two epitopes on separate Ag are similar in structure

A

Cross Reactivity

50
Q

Stages of B Cell development

A

Maturation and Differentiation

51
Q

B Cell Development that begins in the bone marrow and ends in the periphery

A

Maturation

52
Q

What stage is the B cell still naive

A

Maturation

53
Q

B cell Development that begins once a B cell recognizes its sepcific Ag, ends with the generation of Ag-specific plasma cells and memory B cells

A

Differentiation

54
Q

Stages of B cell Maturation

A 
Hematopoietic stem cell
Mutlipotent progenitor cell
Common Lymphoid progenitor
Progenitor B cell
Precursor B cell
Immature Naive B cell
Mature Naive B cell
55
Q

Roll of Stromal cells in B cell maturation

A

Bind to B cell and help it stay in place and feed it, then secrete shit to make it change and mature

56
Q

The first Hematopoietic cells that are recognizable as B cells

A

Pro-B cells

57
Q

Configuration of Immunoglobulin genes of Pro-B Cells

A

Germline configuration

58
Q

What separates Pro-B and Pre-B Cells

A

Pre-B cells have their V(D)J recombinations of both chains complete

59
Q

Late pre-B cells produce

A

Membrane bound IgM plus Ig-alpha and Beta

60
Q

What do Immature B cells develop

A

Central Tolerance

61
Q

What do Immatre B cells get to do to their Ig loci

A

Can rearrange in the process of receptor editing

62
Q

how many Immauter B cells survive positive/negative selection

A

2-5%

63
Q

Process of Central tolerance

A

Immauter B cells bind to bond marrow stromal cells, self react, edit and if still self react, they pop(negative selection)

64
Q

Travel of Transitional Type 1 B cells

A

Red pulp then PALS

65
Q

Transition Type 2 B cells express

A

Both Igm and IgD

66
Q

How a B Cell can have 2 different receptors

A

Excise different exons

67
Q

Mature B cells express

A

IgM and IgD

68
Q

V(D)J rearrangements of Mature B cells

A

Cannot do it

69
Q

What are Mature B cells considered to be

A

Naive

70
Q

Types of B cell antigens

A

T-dependent and T-independent

71
Q

T dependent B cell antigens are usually

A

Follicular B cells

72
Q

T-independent B cell antigens are usually

A

Marginal zone B cells

73
Q

B cell antigen that are Isotype-switched, High affinity antibodies, memory b cells and long lived plasma cells

A

T-dependent

74
Q

B Cell antigens with mainly Igm, low affininty antibodies, short lived plasma cells

A

T-independent

75
Q

T-independent antigen TI-2 binds to

A

only the B cell receptor

76
Q

T-Indepenent Antigen TI-1 binds to

A

B cell receptor plus others

77
Q

Process of T-dependent antigens

A

Dendritic cell recognizes the Protein antigen. Presents it to Helper T cell and this then goes and gives it to the B cell

78
Q

Zones for T-dependent antigens

A

T cell zone and B cell zone(Primary follicle)

79
Q

Steps of B cell activation

A

Antigen Binding, Costimulation, Cytokine help, and B cell clonal expansion and differentiation

80
Q

Where B cell acivation occurs

A

Secondary lymphoid tissues

81
Q

Signal 1 of B cell activation

A

Binding of Multiple Ag to B cell receptor. Isgnal tranmitted via Ig-alpha/Ig-beta

82
Q

Result of Signal 1 of B cell activation

A

Internalization of Ag, processes Ag for presentation via MHC II
B cell expands in size and gets ready for interaction with T cell

83
Q

Signal 2 of B cell acitvation

A

Interaction with activated, Ag-specific T helper cell

84
Q

T cell receptor for B cell Activation

A

Peptide-MHC II

85
Q

CD40L binds to:

A

CD40 on B cell

86
Q

Signal 3 for B cell activation

A

Cytokine stimulation by activated, Ag-specific T helper Cell. Also receive cytokines from nearby activated macrophages and dendritic cells

87
Q

Pimary follicle does what to become a secondary follicle

A

Th effector cell from paracortex binds to receptive B cell. Forms a Mantle of Naive B cells

88
Q

What occures in the Geminal centers

A

Somatic Hypermutation, Affinity maturation, Isotype switching

89
Q

Types of Plasma cells

A

Short lived and Long Lived

90
Q

Short lived Plasma cells secrete

A

Low affinity IgM

91
Q

Short lived Plasma cells can be made way

A

Ti and Td Antigens

92
Q

Long lived Plasma cells arise from

A

Germinal centers then mirgrate tot he bone marrow, lymph node medulla or red pulp of spleen to secrete IgG, IgA, IgE

93
Q

Role of antibodies

A

Aid with clearance/ destruction of antigen

Neutralization, classical complement activation, opsonization, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

94
Q

How to block attachment of antibodies

A

Steric interference, Capsid Stabilization, strucural changes

95
Q

Ways to neutralize antibodies

A

Block attachment or uncoating

96
Q

How to block uncoating of antibodies

A

Capsid stabilization, and fusion interference

97
Q

Coating of an antigen with host protein to trigger phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

98
Q

Immunoglobulins involved in Opsonization

A

IgG1 and IgG3

99
Q

What helps to destroy Ab-coated substance that is too large to be ingested by phagocytosis

A

Natural Killer T cells baring FcRs

100
Q

Roll of Memory B cells

A

Aid in the time and overal effectiveness of the seoncdary response to an attack

micro immuno exam 1 (8 decks)

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