Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

micro immuno exam 1 > antibacterial immunity > Flashcards

antibacterial immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Different pathogens trigger

A

distinct immune response and effector mechansims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of Innate Immunity

A

Macrophages, Neutrophils, Complement system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parts of Adaptive Immunity

A 
B cells and Antibody (IgG) 
T cells (Indirect help by helper CD4 T cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How neutorphils and Macrophages remove antigen

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High Affinity receptors by the Phagocyte

A

Mannose receptor
Mac-1 Integrin
Scavenger receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Receptor that binds mannose on microbe cell wall mediated cell-microbe binding and initiating phagocytosis

A

Mannose receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bind Microbes opsonized with complement proteins

A

MAc-1 Integrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Binds Microbes in a non-mannose specific manner

A

Scavenger receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What region on the antibody binds to the Fc region of the phagocyte

A

Constant region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How Activated Macrophages and neutrophils can better kill pathogens

A

Reactive Oxyten Speices

Reactive Nitrogen INtermeidates (NO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conversion of Molecular oxygen into ROS

A

respiratory Burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Strong activation of macrophages and neutrophils can do what

A

Hurt host tissue by release of lysosomal enzymes ROS and NO

-can;t differentiate between host and infected tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macrophages fight what

A

Extracellular pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do macrophages remove antigens

A

Phagocytosis and production of ROS and RNI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do macrophages do with antigen

A

take up soluble antigens and process and present it to T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who helps MAcrophages

A

Helper CD4+ T cells via IFN_gama secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do macrophages secrete

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that induce inflammation and immune chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Migrate towrads site of inflammation within an hour of tissue injury in response to chemotactic factors (IL-8, IFN-gama, C5a)

A

Neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how neutrophils kill extracellular pathogens

A 
phagocytose microbes(ROS and RNI)
also oxygen independent mechanisms via degranulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Release of granules

A

Degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What granules do neutrophils release

A

Defensisns
Myeloperoxidase
Neutrophil extracellular traps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Action of Neutrophil extraceullar traps

A

Neutrophil dies and releases DNA to trap incoming bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Roll of Complement in Immunity against Extracellular microbes

A

Serves as opsonin and enhances phagocytosis
Serves as chemokine and activates leukocytes to site of inflammation
Forms membrane attack complex and mediates lysis of microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

B cells fighting extracellular microbes

A

Produce antibodies for neutralization, opsonization, and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
B cells express what to present antigens to T cell from extracellular
MHC II
26
How to activate B cells in a T cell independent maner
Bacterial products
27
How Antibodies can protect cells
blocks binding of microbe to receptor or toxin
28
B cerll roll in immunity against extracellula
Secrete antibodies - Neutralization - Opsonization and Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis - Phagocytosis of C3b-coated bacteria - Inflammation - Bacterial Lysis
29
CD4+ cells in fighting extracellular microbes
inflammatory cyokines (IFN and TNF) and helper procution of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10)
30
IFN and TNF cytokines cause
Activate macrophage and promate phagocytosis, bacterial killing, an inflammation
31
CD4+ T cell that make inflammatory cytokines
Th1 cells
32
CD4+ T cells that produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 are
B cell growth fator, which activates B cell and promote antibody procution
33
CD4+ T cells that make B cell promoting cytokines
Th2 cells
34
Evation of immune system by extracellular bacteria
Antigenic Variation Inhibit complement activation Resist phagocytosis Scavenging of ROS
35
What normally responds to Intracellular pathgoens
Cell mediated rather than antibodies
36
Cells from innate immune response intracellular pathogen
Dendritic cells, Natural Killer, MAcrophage/neutrophils
37
Cells from adaptive Immune response intracellular
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
38
Roll of Dendritic cells against Intracellular pathogesn
``` Present Ag to T cells, and travel to lymph notes for naive T cells Produce cytokines (IL-12) to regulate differention of DC4+ T cells(promote Th1 or Th2) ```
39
Roll of Natural Kiler cells
Kill virus infect cells and tumor
40
NK cells secrete
Cytokines (IFN-gamma) for macrophages and Th1 development
41
What regulates NK activation
signals from activating and inhibitory receptors
42
How NK cells can kill cells
``` Directly(if no MHC class I) it will kill it Secrete IFN-gamma to recruit macrophages ```
43
How CD4+ T cell helps with Phagocytic killing
Secretes IFN-gamma to kill bacteria in phagolysosome
44
CD4+ T cell activating CD8+ T cell results in
Killing of infected cell (MHC class I)
45
Th1 or Th2 for intracellular
Th1 to produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and promote cell mediated immunity (help to CD8+ T cells and Macrophages)
46
What do CD8+ T cell recognize
MHC I
47
CD8+ cells secrete
Perforin and granzymes to directly lyse/ kill infected cells | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha
48
What phagocytes can CD8+ T cells kill
Those that have engulfed microbes
49
A non-specific response to infection/injury that is characterized by enhanced accumulation of immune cells and plasma proteins
Inflammation
50
Is Inflammation normal
Yes
51
Why Pain receptors are stimulated during inflammation
Due to protein and fluid leak from damaged cells
52
FIrst stage of wound healing
Inflammation
53
Accute inflammation is involved with
Innate
54
Why chronic inflammation
Stimulus stays and addaptive is there
55
Cause of CHromic Inflammation
Persistance infection Immune mediate inflammatory disease Toxic agents
56
Cells of accute inflammation
Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils
57
Cell of Chronic Inflammation
MOnocytes/macrophages, T cells, Neutrophils
58
Proinflammatory cytokines
Tumor Necrosis factor (TNF | Interleukin (IL-1beta and Il-6)
59
Inflammatory mediates for vaosdilation
Histamine, Bradykinin, leukotrientes
60
What released histamine
Mast cells due to interaction with microbes(compliment or IgE (allergy
61
Prostoglandins are dervied from
Inflammatory mediators from cell membrane
62
C5a is involved in
Monocytes/neutrophil recruitment for inflammatory
63
c3a and c5a can trigger what in mast cells
Degranulation
64
Cyotkines for stopping inflammation
IL-10, Tranforming Growth Factor (TGF-beta)
65
How to stop cronic inflammation
Glucocorticoids, immunosuppressant, anti-leukotrienes
66
the general process of leukocytes movement from blood to tissue
Migration/recruitment
67
Low affinity adhesion molecules involved in early stage of leukocyte capture
Selectins
68
Adhesion molecules invovled in later stage of leukocyte migration(high and low affinity)
Integrins
69
what determines the type of Chemokine
Location of N terminal cystein residue
70
1st step of
Tethering/rolling, slows down leukocyte within post-capillary venule
71
Mediates Tethering/rolling
Selectin
72
Where selectins are found
Plasma membrane adhesion molecule
73
Selectins recognizes
Sialylated carbs
74
Affininty of selectins
low
75
Where are P selectins are store
Store in cytoplasmic granules to be expressed imediately
76
When E elected expressed
2 hours after due to Cytokines
77
Selecton on the Leukocyte
L-selectin
78
Step 2
Integrin Acitvation
79
What happens during integrin activation
Chemokines act on Rolling leukocyte and integrins change to high affinitny to stop leukocyte
80
what makes Chemokines
Leukocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts
81
Upregulation of Chemokines
Microbes and proinflammatory cytokines
82
Chemokine effect on integrins
Change to high affininty and cluster together to touch epithelium
83
Step 3
Adherence
84
Once leukocyte contant and stops
becomes flat due to change of cytoskelleton
85
Step 4
Migration (diapedesis)
86
To enter into tissue the leukocyte must
rearrange cytoskelton Tight junctions loosen follow chemokines to final site of infection

micro immuno exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions