Anticancer

Question 1

Proto-oncongene

Answer 1

Non cancer version of Oncongenes

Question 2

Role of Cyclin D

Answer 2

Cyclin D binding to CDK starts timed increases in order to prepare for mitosis
Anticancer drugs seek to block signals that would raise Cyclin D in cancer cells

Question 3

Role of Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase

Answer 3

Stimulate mitosis via cyclin D or

Repress apoptosis/promote survival

Question 4

Phases of division

Answer 4

G1-S-G2-M

Question 5

Normal cells and mitosis

Answer 5

Small fraction of normal cells are in cell cycle

Question 6

Most common side effect of cytoxic anticancer drugs

Answer 6

Myelosuppression (increased infections, bleeding, cancers)

Question 7

How does DNA damage kill cells

Answer 7

1. Consumption of NAD via PARP,
Cells resythesize NAD using ATP,
ATP depletion causes swelling/death
2. Activates kinase signaling, 
inducing P53, which activates apoptosis and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors

Question 8

Methotrexate mechanism

Answer 8

• Resembles folate
• Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, blocking DNA synthesis
• Inhibits puring ring synthesis, reducing DNA and RNA snythesis

Question 9

5-Fluorouracil mechanism

Answer 9

Activated to version that attaches to deoxyribose–>FdUMP
FdUMP inhibits thymidylate synthase,
Lowering TMP and DNA synthesis

Question 10

Vincristine (Oncovin) mechanism

Answer 10

Inhibits microtubule formation

Prevents chromosome separation

Question 11

Paclitaxol (Taxol) mechanism

Answer 11

Inhibits disassembly of tubulin in microtubules

Prevents chromosome separation

Question 12

Etoposide mechanism

Answer 12

Inhibits topoisomerase

Cell breaks own DNA, activating PARP, P53, Apoptosis