Antibiotics Chapter Flashcards
Moa
50 S protein synthesis inhibitors
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Oxalolidiones (Linezolid)
Streptogramins (quinopristin/dalfopristin)
Moa
Cell wall inhibitors (bacteriocodal)
Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenams, vancomycin, monobactans, fosfomycin
Dna/ rna inhibitors (bacteriocodal)
FQ (dna gyrase/topoisomerase)
Rifampin
Flagyl
Call membrane inhibitors (bacteriocidal)
Polymixins (colisitin)
Daptomycin
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors: bacteriostatic alone, but cidal in combination
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Concentration dependent drugs
AG
FQ
Daptomycin
Time dependent drugs
Cephalosporins
Carbapenams
B-lactams
Auc :mic
Vancomycin
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Hydrophilic agents
Beta lactams AG Glycopeptides Daptomycin Colistin
Lipophillic agents
FQ Macrolides Rifampin Linezolid Tetracyclines Chloeamphenicol
Moa
30 S protein synthesis inhibitors
AG and tetracyclines
Seizures with accumulation ; allergic reactions
Beta-lactams
Ototoxic, infusion reactions (redmans syndrome)
Vancomycin
Additive QTc interval, muscle toxicity, phlebitis, D5W only
Synercid
Interaction with statins due to increase cPK
Daptomycin
Turns urine red
Rifampin
BBW: colitis
Clindamycin
Serotonin syndrome (can’t use with SSri, MAO-I, and HTN crisis patients (sympathininetics), BMS
Linezolid
Contraindicated with CrCL
Nitrofurantoin
Avoid during 3rd trimester. Allergic reactions and photosensitive
Bactrim
Avoid during first trimester
Flagyl
Increase neuromuscular blockers, Ototoxic based on dose
AG
BBW: tendonitis, additive QT c, photosensitive, cations ***
Quinolones
Additive QTc and hepatic toxicity
Macrolides
Cations and photosensitive
Tetracyclines
CNS/meningitis
Streptococcus pneumonia Neisseria gonorrheoae H. Influenza Streptococci/E. Coli (young) Listeria (young/old)
Abelcet
Amphotericin B lipid complex
AmBisome
Liposomes Amphotericin B
Amphotec
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex
The conventional aphotericin formulation
Amphotericin B desoxycholate
Fluconazole IV/PO
1:1
What is ketoconazold more likely used for?
Androgen related disorders due to its anti-androgenic activity
Can itraconazole capsules and solutions be changed interchangeably?
No
How take itraconazole capsules?
With food. Requires gastric acidity for absorption
How take itraconazole solution?
More bioavailability than capsules. Take on an empty stomach
What is the DOC for treating Aspergillus?
Voriconazole
Which two antifungals have pH dependent absorption?
Itraconazole and ketoconazole
Don’t use with antacids!!!
All Azole antifungals are ______inhibitors
3A4
What is voriconazoles big adverse effect?
Visual changes. Caution driving at night. Avoid direct sunlight
What electrolytes do you need to correct before starting voriconazoles?
K+, Ca2+, Mg 2+
Voriconazoles follows what kinetics?
1st order followed by Michaelis-Menten non-linear kinetics
Caspofungin can cause bad ___
Hepatotoxicity
Inhibit synthesis of B (1,3) - D - glucagon. Fungicidal
Echinocandins
List the Echinocandins
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin
Bind to ergosterol, altering cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi and causing cell death ; fungicidal
Amp B
Penetrates fungal cells and is converted to flourouracil which competes with uracil, interfering with fungal RNA and protein synthesis ;fungicidal
Flucytosine
Don’t use as monogherapy. use with amp B to have synergy
Decrease ergosterole synthesis and inhibit cell membrane formation and are typically fungistatic, but may be fungicidal for select fungal pathogens
Azole antifungals
What Does posaconazole cover that Vori does not?
Zygomycosis/Mucor
Neuramindase inhibitors
Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
Zanamivir (Relenza)
Neuramidase inhibitors affect _________of viral particles
The release
