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Pathology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Substances secreted by microorganisms that act to inhibit or kill other microorganisms

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2
Q

What are the targets of antibiotics?

A 
Cell Wall Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
DNA Synthesis
RNA Synthesis
Folate Metabolism
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3
Q

What are the drugs targeting cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta lactam antibiotics e.g. penicillin

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4
Q

What is the mode of action of beta lactams?

A

Beta lactam inhibits transpeptidase protein which inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, causing the cell wall to have pores and the cell to undergo lysis

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5
Q

What are the drugs targeting 30s protein synthesis?

A

Tetracycline

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6
Q

What is the mode of action of tetracycline?

A

Tetracycline inhibits the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome

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7
Q

What is the mode of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Freezing the 30s initiation complex which causes misreading of mRNA due to frame shifts

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8
Q

What are the drugs targeting folate metabolism?

A

Sulfonamides

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9
Q

What is the mode of action of sulfonamides?

A

Pteridine synthetase or PABA inhibits the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid, which is responsible for synthesising nucleic acids

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10
Q

What are the drugs targeting the 50s ribosome?

A

Macrolides e.g. erythromycin

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibit the translocation of peptidyl tRNA from the A to the P site

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12
Q

What are the drugs targeting DNA synthesis?

A

Quinolones

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13
Q

What is the mode of action of quinolones?

A

Binds to DNA topoisomerases which inhibits DNA supercoiling and unwinding

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14
Q

What are the drugs targeting RNA synthesis?

A

Rifamycin e.g. rifampin

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15
Q

What is the mode of action of rifamycin?

A

Binds to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which inhibits RNA synthesis

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16
Q

What is antimicrobial stewardship?

A

A set of strategies put in place to improve use of antimicrobial medications

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