Antibiotics

Question 1

Sulfonamides

Answer 1

Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, (trimethoprim)

T. gondii, P. jirovecii

Bacterial folate synthesis or action
وهم بالخارج كلش هواي يسعملوا هنا مو كلش

Question 2

Penicillin

Answer 2

Benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin

Overall, mainly Grampositive spp.; some Gram-negative spp.

Question 3

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Answer 3

Flucloxacillin, temocillin

Used for staphylococcal infections

Question 4

Broad-spectrum penicillins

Answer 4

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

A wide range of Grampositive and Gramnegative spp.

Question 5

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Answer 5

Piperacillin, ticarcillin

Selected Gram-negative spp., especially P. aeruginosa

Question 6

mecillinams

Answer 6

Pivmecillinam

Mainly Gram-negative spp.

Question 7

cephalosporins

Answer 7

B lactam
Cefalcor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, cefradine, ceftaroline, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime
CEFTRIAXONE
Broad spectrum of activity against Gramnegative and positive spp.

Question 8

carbapenems

Answer 8

Ertapenem, impenem, meropenem, doripenem.

Many Gram-negative and positive spp.

Question 9

monobactams

Answer 9

Aztreonam

Gram-negative rods

Question 10

Glycopeptides

Answer 10

Vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin

Gram+ spp

Question 11

Polymixins

Answer 11

Colistimethate, polymixin B

Gram-negative spp.

Bacterial outer cell membrane structure
are nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys) and neurotoxicity (damage to the nerves)

Question 12

Tetracyclines

Answer 12

Demeclocycline, doxycycline, lymecycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline tigecycline

Many Gram-negative and Gram-positive spp.
Bacterial protein synthesis (multiple mechanisms inhibited including initiation, transpeptidation and translocation; see text)

Question 13

Aminogycosides

Answer 13

Amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, tobramycin
Nephrotic and ototoxic
Many Gram-negative, some Gram-positive spp.
❌protein synthesis

Question 14

Macrolides

Answer 14

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, telithromycin
Similar to penicillin
❌protein synthesis

Question 15

Oxazolidinones

Answer 15

Linezolid

Gram +

Question 16

Lincosamides

Answer 16

Clindamycin

Gram +

Question 17

Amphenicols

Answer 17

Chloramphenicol