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Top 300 Medications > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Brand name

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil

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2
Q

Brand

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid

A

Augmentin

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3
Q

Brand

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef

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4
Q

Brand name

Cefuroxime

A

Ceftin

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5
Q

Brand name

Cephalexin

A

Kaflex

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6
Q

Brand name

Penicillin

A

Penicillin VK

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7
Q

Beta-Lactams

Drugs in class

A

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime
Cephalexin
Penicillin

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8
Q

MOA

Beta-Lactams

A

Inhibition of penicillin binding proteins t prevent bacterial cell wall growth, maintenance and homeostatsis

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9
Q

Cephalosporin

1st generation

A

Cephalexin

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10
Q

Cephalosporin

2nd generation

A

Cefuroxime

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11
Q

Cephalosporin

3rd generation

A

Cefdinir

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12
Q

Beta-Lactams

Contraindications and ADRs

A
  • Allergy(Anaphylaxis,Serum sickness,SJS,DRESS)
  • Altered Microbiome(lead to GI upset/diarrhea)
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13
Q

Beta-Lactam

Counsellling Info

A
  • Beta-Lactams will not affect efficicay of OC
  • Ensure to take antibiotics to completion
  • Probiotics may help with antibiotic associated with diarrhea but not yeast infection
  • Take with food
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14
Q

Fluorquinolones

Drugs in class

A
  • Ciprofloxacin Oral
  • Ciprofloxacin Otic
  • Levofloxacin
  • Gatifloxacin Opthalmic
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15
Q

Brand

Cirpofloxacin Oral

A
  • Cipro
  • Cipro XR
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16
Q

Brand

Ciproflaxacin Otic

A
  • Ciprodex Otic
  • Cetraxal
  • Cipro HC
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17
Q

Brand

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin

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18
Q

Brand

Gatifloxacin Opthalmic

A
  • Zymar
  • Zymaxid
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19
Q

MOA

Fluoroquinolones

A

Blocks bacterial DNA synthesis through inhibition of topoisomerase II (DNA) and Topoisomerase IV

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20
Q

BBW

Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Tendon rupture
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Exacerbations of myasthenia gravis
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21
Q

ADRs

Fluoroquinilones

A
  • QT Prolongation(low)
  • C.difficile associated diarrhea
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22
Q

Containdications

Fluoroquinolones

A

Allergy

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23
Q

Counselling Points

Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Will not affect OC efficacy
  • Take to completion
  • Probiotica help with associated diarrhea but not yeast infections
  • Avoid taking with foods or drinks high in calcium(dairy,vitamins, other medications etc.)
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24
Q

Macrolides

Class

A

Gram Positive

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25
Q

Macrolides

Drugs in class

A

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

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26
Q

Brand

Clarithromycin

A

Biaxin

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27
Q

Brand

Erythromycin

A

Erythrocin

28
Q

Brand

Azithromycin

29
Q

MOA

Macrolides

A

protein synthesis inhibition(binds to rRNA of 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome)

30
Q

Containdications

Macrolides

A
  • Allergy
  • Drug-Drug interactions(inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism of stains and can lead to significant increase in statin exposure)
31
Q

ADRs

Macrolides

A
  • GI side effects(N/V)
  • QT prolongation
  • SJS
  • Change in taste
32
Q

Counselling Points

Macrolides

A
  • This drug will not affect OC efficay
  • Do not stop take until completion
  • Can beused used for antibiotic associated diarrhea but not for antibiotic related yeast infections
33
Q

Tetracyclines

Spectrum

A

Gram positive

34
Q

Tetracyclines

Drugs in the class

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
35
Q

Brand

Doxycycline

A

Vibramycin

36
Q

Brand

Minocycline

37
Q

MOA

Tetracyclines

A

protein synthesis inhibiton(binds to rRNA 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome)

38
Q

Contraindications

Tetracycline

A
  • Allergy
  • Children under 8yo (causes teeth dicoloration and malformation)
  • Pregnancy(malformation of bony structures and teeth in fetus)
  • Concurrent use with retinoic acid derivatives(can cause intracranial hypertension)
39
Q

ADRs

Tetracycline

A
  • N/V
  • Increased sensitivity to light
40
Q

Counselling Points

Tetracycline

A
  • Will not affect OC efficay
  • Do not stop taking until completion
  • Helps with antibiotic associated diarrhea but not for antibiotic related yeast infection
  • Avoid taking with foods or drinks high in calcium and magnesium
  • Do not use expired tetracycline as it becomes toxic after its expiration date
41
Q

Micellaneous Antibiotics

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
  • Nitrofurantoin(UTI’s only)
  • Mupirocin(Topical only)
  • Chlorhexidine(Topical only)
  • Fidaxomicin
  • Clindamycin
42
Q

Brand

Metronidazole

43
Q

Brand

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

A
  • Bactrim
  • Septra
44
Q

Brand

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Microdantin
  • Macrobid
45
Q

Brand

Mupirocin

46
Q

Brand

Chlorhexidine

A
  • Paroex
  • Peridex
  • Hibiclens
47
Q

Brand

Clindomycin

48
Q

MOA

Metronidazole

A

accumulation of toxic by product in bacteria

49
Q

MOA

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

A

Disprupts synthesis of nucleotide precursors by acting as folate antagonist

50
Q

MOA

Nitrofurantoin

A

Accumulation of toxic byproduct in bacteria

51
Q

MOA

Mupirocin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

52
Q

MOA

Chlorhexidine

A

Membrane destabilization of gram positive, gram negative and mycobacteria.Aslo has various functions ong fungi anf viruses

53
Q

MOA

Fidaxomicin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

54
Q

MOA

Clindamycin

A

Protein synthesis inhibition by binding to 50S subunit of ribosome(like macrolides)

55
Q

ADRs

Metronidazole

A

Dru-drug interactions warfarin and CY3A4 substrates

56
Q

ADRs

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

A
  • Upset stomach
  • Renal failure
  • Hyperkalemia
  • SJS
57
Q

ADRs

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Discolored urine
  • Upset stomach
  • Pulmonary fibrosis/interstitial lung disease
58
Q

ADRs

Mupirocin

A
  • Well tolerated/topical
  • Pruitis
  • local burning/stinging
59
Q

ADRs

Chlorhexidine

A
  • Well tolerated /topical
  • Pruitis
  • Local burning/stinging
60
Q

ADRs

Fidaxomicin

A
  • Nausea
  • fever
61
Q

ADRs

Clindamycin

A
  • Drug induced diarrhea
  • Maculopapular rash
  • DRESS reaction
62
Q

Contraindications

Metronidazole

A
  • Allergy
  • 1st trimester pregnancy
  • Alcohol
63
Q

Contraindications

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethazole

A
  • Sulfanomide allergy
  • History of druf induced thrombocytopenia with sulfanomides
64
Q

Contrainidactions

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Allergy
  • Hemolytic anemia risk in pregnant women at term(38-42 weeks)
  • CrCl <60
65
Q

Counselling Points

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

A
  • Can still cause diarrhea ,but “least bad”
  • Weak inhibition of human folate(watch out for use in high risk patients i.e pregnant, on methotrexate)
66
Q

Counselling Points

Nitrofurantoin

A

Discolored urine

67
Q

Counselling Points

Clindamycin

A
  • If patients get diarrhea for more than 3 days or extended after finishing antibiotic should discuss with physician
  • Take with food

Top 300 Medications (16 decks)

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