Antibiotics Flashcards
1
Q
Brand name
Amoxicillin
A
Amoxil
2
Q
Brand
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
A
Augmentin
3
Q
Brand
Cefdinir
A
Omnicef
4
Q
Brand name
Cefuroxime
A
Ceftin
5
Q
Brand name
Cephalexin
A
Kaflex
6
Q
Brand name
Penicillin
A
Penicillin VK
7
Q
Beta-Lactams
Drugs in class
A
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime
Cephalexin
Penicillin
8
Q
MOA
Beta-Lactams
A
Inhibition of penicillin binding proteins t prevent bacterial cell wall growth, maintenance and homeostatsis
9
Q
Cephalosporin
1st generation
A
Cephalexin
10
Q
Cephalosporin
2nd generation
A
Cefuroxime
11
Q
Cephalosporin
3rd generation
A
Cefdinir
12
Q
Beta-Lactams
Contraindications and ADRs
A
- Allergy(Anaphylaxis,Serum sickness,SJS,DRESS)
- Altered Microbiome(lead to GI upset/diarrhea)
13
Q
Beta-Lactam
Counsellling Info
A
- Beta-Lactams will not affect efficicay of OC
- Ensure to take antibiotics to completion
- Probiotics may help with antibiotic associated with diarrhea but not yeast infection
- Take with food
14
Q
Fluorquinolones
Drugs in class
A
- Ciprofloxacin Oral
- Ciprofloxacin Otic
- Levofloxacin
- Gatifloxacin Opthalmic
15
Q
Brand
Cirpofloxacin Oral
A
- Cipro
- Cipro XR
16
Q
Brand
Ciproflaxacin Otic
A
- Ciprodex Otic
- Cetraxal
- Cipro HC
17
Q
Brand
Levofloxacin
A
Levaquin
18
Q
Brand
Gatifloxacin Opthalmic
A
- Zymar
- Zymaxid
19
Q
MOA
Fluoroquinolones
A
Blocks bacterial DNA synthesis through inhibition of topoisomerase II (DNA) and Topoisomerase IV
20
Q
BBW
Fluoroquinolones
A
- Tendon rupture
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Exacerbations of myasthenia gravis
21
Q
ADRs
Fluoroquinilones
A
- QT Prolongation(low)
- C.difficile associated diarrhea
22
Q
Containdications
Fluoroquinolones
A
Allergy
23
Q
Counselling Points
Fluoroquinolones
A
- Will not affect OC efficacy
- Take to completion
- Probiotica help with associated diarrhea but not yeast infections
- Avoid taking with foods or drinks high in calcium(dairy,vitamins, other medications etc.)
24
Q
Macrolides
Class
A
Gram Positive
25
Macrolides
| Drugs in class
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
26
Brand
| Clarithromycin
Biaxin
27
Brand
| Erythromycin
Erythrocin
28
Brand
| Azithromycin
Zithromax
29
MOA
| Macrolides
protein synthesis inhibition(binds to rRNA of 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome)
30
Containdications
| Macrolides
* Allergy
* Drug-Drug interactions(inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism of stains and can lead to significant increase in statin exposure)
31
ADRs
| Macrolides
* GI side effects(N/V)
* QT prolongation
* SJS
* Change in taste
32
Counselling Points
| Macrolides
* This drug will not affect OC efficay
* Do not stop take until completion
* Can beused used for antibiotic associated diarrhea but not for antibiotic related yeast infections
33
Tetracyclines
| Spectrum
Gram positive
34
Tetracyclines
| Drugs in the class
* Doxycycline
* Minocycline
35
Brand
| Doxycycline
Vibramycin
36
Brand
| Minocycline
Minocin
37
MOA
| Tetracyclines
protein synthesis inhibiton(binds to rRNA 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome)
38
Contraindications
| Tetracycline
* Allergy
* Children under 8yo (causes teeth dicoloration and malformation)
* Pregnancy(malformation of bony structures and teeth in fetus)
* Concurrent use with retinoic acid derivatives(can cause intracranial hypertension)
39
ADRs
| Tetracycline
* N/V
* Increased sensitivity to light
40
Counselling Points
| Tetracycline
* Will not affect OC efficay
* Do not stop taking until completion
* Helps with antibiotic associated diarrhea but not for antibiotic related yeast infection
* Avoid taking with foods or drinks high in calcium and magnesium
* Do not use expired tetracycline as it becomes toxic after its expiration date
41
Micellaneous Antibiotics
* Metronidazole
* Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
* Nitrofurantoin(UTI's only)
* Mupirocin(Topical only)
* Chlorhexidine(Topical only)
* Fidaxomicin
* Clindamycin
42
Brand
| Metronidazole
Flagyl
43
Brand
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
* Bactrim
* Septra
44
Brand
| Nitrofurantoin
* Microdantin
* Macrobid
45
Brand
| Mupirocin
Bactroban
46
Brand
| Chlorhexidine
* Paroex
* Peridex
* Hibiclens
47
Brand
| Clindomycin
Cleocin
48
MOA
| Metronidazole
accumulation of toxic by product in bacteria
49
MOA
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Disprupts synthesis of nucleotide precursors by acting as folate antagonist
50
MOA
| Nitrofurantoin
Accumulation of toxic byproduct in bacteria
51
MOA
| Mupirocin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
52
MOA
| Chlorhexidine
Membrane destabilization of gram positive, gram negative and mycobacteria.Aslo has various functions ong fungi anf viruses
53
MOA
| Fidaxomicin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
54
MOA
| Clindamycin
Protein synthesis inhibition by binding to 50S subunit of ribosome(like macrolides)
55
ADRs
| Metronidazole
Dru-drug interactions warfarin and CY3A4 substrates
56
ADRs
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
* Upset stomach
* Renal failure
* Hyperkalemia
* SJS
57
ADRs
| Nitrofurantoin
* Discolored urine
* Upset stomach
* Pulmonary fibrosis/interstitial lung disease
58
ADRs
| Mupirocin
* Well tolerated/topical
* Pruitis
* local burning/stinging
59
ADRs
| Chlorhexidine
* Well tolerated /topical
* Pruitis
* Local burning/stinging
60
ADRs
| Fidaxomicin
* Nausea
* fever
61
ADRs
| Clindamycin
* Drug induced diarrhea
* Maculopapular rash
* DRESS reaction
62
Contraindications
| Metronidazole
* Allergy
* 1st trimester pregnancy
* Alcohol
63
Contraindications
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethazole
* Sulfanomide allergy
* History of druf induced thrombocytopenia with sulfanomides
64
Contrainidactions
| Nitrofurantoin
* Allergy
* Hemolytic anemia risk in pregnant women at term(38-42 weeks)
* CrCl <60
65
Counselling Points
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
* Can still cause diarrhea ,but "least bad"
* Weak inhibition of human folate(watch out for use in high risk patients i.e pregnant, on methotrexate)
66
Counselling Points
| Nitrofurantoin
Discolored urine
67
Counselling Points
| Clindamycin
* If patients get diarrhea for more than 3 days or extended after finishing antibiotic should discuss with physician
* Take with food
