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Pharmacy > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Broad Spectrum (Gram - / +)
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2
Q

Penicillin that is narrow spectrum

A

Penicillin G & V
Cloxacillin

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3
Q

Penicillin that is broad spectrum

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

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4
Q

Specific toxicities of amoxicillin and ampicillin

A

Occasional diarrhea & vomiting

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5
Q

What are the general toxicities for penicillins?

A

Not for rodents & rabbits = fatal diarrhea
High TI
Allergic reactions = pruritus, hives, swelling

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6
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Narrow to broad spectrum
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7
Q

What are the 4 generations for cephalosporins?

A

1st gen = G +, minimal G -
2nd gen = G - , minimal G+
3rd & 4th gen = broad spectrum

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8
Q

What are the toxicities for cephalosporins?

A

High TI
GI Upset
Allergic reactions

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9
Q

Which cephalosporins are 1st gen?

A

Cephalexin & Cefazolin

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10
Q

Which cephalosporins are 3rd gen?

A

Ceftiofur/Excenel
Cefovecin/Convenia

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11
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Broad spectrum
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12
Q

What are the toxicities of tetracyclines?

A

Esophageal strictures in cats
Discoloration of teeth in young or in utero animals
Rapid IV = hypotension/cardiac arrhythmias (equine)

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13
Q

What are 3 types of tetracyclines?

A

Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Chlortetracycline

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14
Q

Sulfonamides

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Potentiated Sulfas = bactericidal
  • Broad spectrum
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15
Q

What are the toxicities of Sulfonamides?

A

Dehydration
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs
Metabolites cause crystals in urine

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16
Q

What are 2 types of sulfonamides?

A

Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprim

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17
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Narrow spectrum (G-)
18
Q

What are the toxicities for Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity
Hearing loss & vestibular disease
Otoxicity

19
Q

What is an aminoglycosides?

A

Amikacin

20
Q

Lincosamides

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Narrow spectrum (G+)
21
Q

What are the toxicities of Lincosamides?

A

GIT Toxicity
Do not use in rabbits, hamsters, rodents, horses, ruminants = serious GI effects including death

22
Q

What are 3 types of Lincosamides?

A

Lincomycin, Clindamycin, Pirlimycin

23
Q

Macrolides

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Variable spectrum
24
Q

Which macrolide is fatal in humans, swine, horses, or dogs?

A

Tilmicosin

25
Q

Which macrolides cause IM Meat damage?

A

Erythromycin
Tylocin

26
Q

What are general toxicities for macrolides?

A

GIT w/oral
Diarrhea, rectal edema
Rectal prolapses in swine

27
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Broad but less effective against G-
28
Q

What are the toxicities of Fluoroquinolones?

A

High TI
GIT upset in foals
Retinal degeneration/blindness in cats
Not for use with puppies = cartilage damage

29
Q

Polypeptide

A
  • Cell wall permeability
  • Batericidal
  • Broad spectrum
  • Only used topically
30
Q
  • Polypeptide
  • Narrow G-
  • Nephrotoxic / neurotoxic
A

Polymixin

31
Q
  • Polypeptide
  • Narrow G+
  • Nephrotoxic
A

Bacitracin

32
Q

Chloramphenicol/Florphenicol

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Broad
33
Q

Which antibiotic is banned in food producing animals?

A

Chloramphenicol

34
Q

What specific toxicities are for florphenicol?

A

Pain @ injection site, inappetence, diarrhea

35
Q

What general toxicities for chloramphenicol/florphenicol?

A

Aplastic anemia (bone marrow toxicity) in humans
GIT upset

36
Q

Nitrofurans

A
  • Inhibit carb metabolism of bacteria
  • Bactericidal
  • Broad
37
Q

What are 2 nitrofurans?

A

Nitrofurantoin
Furazolidone

38
Q

What are the toxicities for nitrofurans?

A

Suspected human carcinogens
Use in food animals prohibited
GI upset w/ oral admin

39
Q
  • Disrupts DNA synthesis
  • Bactericidal
  • Narrow Spectrum
A

Nitroimidazole

40
Q

What is a common nitroimidazole?

A

Metronidazole

41
Q

What are the toxicities of Nitroimidazole?

A

Prohibited for use in food animals
Neurologic toxicity (ataxia, head tilt, nystagmus)

Pharmacy (9 decks)

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