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Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain

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2
Q

Chemicals released in response to an injury that cause inflammation (4 listed)

A

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Histamine

Cytokines

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3
Q

Fever, dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability of blood vessels, and attraction of phagocytic cells are all _____ effects of chemical mediators

A

Beneficial

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4
Q

Bronchoconstriction, anaphylactic shock, platelet aggregation, cell death and intestinal spasm are all _____ effects of chemical mediators

A

Harmful

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5
Q

Center in the _____ regulates body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

A ____ is a substance that initiates fever

A

Pyrogen

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7
Q

Fevers are usually treated with ____

A

NSAIDs

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8
Q

Cyclooxygenase come in what 2 forms?

A

COX 1 and COX 2

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9
Q

Involved in the maintenance of the mucous coating of the stomach and blood flow to the kidneys

A

COX 1

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10
Q

Responsible for prostaglandin production that mediates inflammation

A

COX 2

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11
Q

NSAIDs that exclusively inhibit ____ lessen the side effects usually seen with these drugs

A

COX 2

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12
Q

Most NSAIDs have both ____ and _____ properties

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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13
Q

Most common side effect of NSAIDs

A

GI BLEEDING!

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14
Q

Vomiting, kidney toxicity, bone marrow suppression and bleeding tendency are also common side effects of _____

A

NSAIDs

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15
Q

What species tend to biotransform drugs more slowly and are often given lower doses

A

Cats

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16
Q

When giving NSAIDs avoid giving with _____ and more than one at a time

A

Corticosteroids

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17
Q

Substance in willow bark that is the pharmacological ancestory of salicylates

A

Salicin

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18
Q

Effects of Acetylsalicylatc Acid include relieving pain, reducing fever, and inflammation as well as inhibit ____ ____

A

platelet aggregation

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19
Q

Baby asprin are ___ mg whereas regular aspirin are ___ mg

A

81 mg, 325 mg

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20
Q

Extra strength aspirin has ___ mg strength

A

500 mg

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21
Q

Aspirin should be stopped a week before any surgeries, due to what side effects?

A

Gastric ulceration and bleeding

Bleeding tendencies

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22
Q

Contraindications for use of aspirin

A

Bleeding tendencies and gastric ulceration

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23
Q

What is the half life of aspirin in humans? Dogs? Cats?

A

Humans - 1 1/2 hours

Dogs - 8 hours

Cats - 30 hours

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24
Q

What is the dose for aspirin use in dogs?

A

5-10 mg/kg bid-tid

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25
What is the dose for aspirin use in cats?
81 mg every 2-3 days (no more than 2-3 times a week)
26
NSAID used for the treatment of lameness in horses, pain associated with colic, and musculoskeletal inflammation
Phenylbutazone
27
Common side effects of Phenylbutazone
GI bleeding and bone marrow suppression
28
This drug can not be used in dairy cows \> 20 months of age due to public health concerns
Phenylbutazone
29
Phenylbutazone is given via ___ ONLY because it will slough tissue
IV route
30
Carprofen common proprietary name
Rimadyl
31
Drug that works as a selective COX 2 inhibitor and inhibits COX 1 only slightly
Carprofen
32
Common NSAID used for post op pain, degenerative joint disease, and osteoarthritis
Carprofen
33
When using this drug, owners should be made aware that 1/5000 patients have been reported dead due to liver failure
Carprofen
34
Carprofen should be stopped immediately upon these side effects
Anorexia, V/D
35
This is one of the best anti-inflammatories available due to selective COX inhibition
Carprofen
36
Used in horses for treatment of pain and inflammation, also for post op/chronic pain in dogs and cats
Ketaprofen
37
Used in horses for similar reasons to Ketoprofen, but reported to cause GI ulceration in dogs
Naproxen
38
NSAID that is not to be used in animals
Ibuprofen
39
Why is ibuprofen contraindicated for use in animals?
Causes fatal GI bleeding
40
Cox 2 specific NSAID used for post op pain and osteoarthritis
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
41
Deracoxib is contraindicated in what species?
Cats
42
NSAID popular for cats, that work as an analgesic, anti inflammatory and anti pyretic
Robenacoxib (Onsior)
43
Highly selective COX 2 inhibitor, comes in oral chewable tabs for dogs or paste for horses
Firocoxib (Equioxx, Previcox)
44
COX 2 preferential NSAID associated with a "musty" smell, and comes in a liquid with a dropper for dogs, and injectable only for cats
Meloxicam (metacam)
45
Blocks both COX and Lipooxygenase, rapidly disintegrating tablet that breaks down on contact so it can not be spit out. For use in Dogs.
Tepoxalin
46
Etodolac is used for management of ___ and mild-moderate ____ pain
Osteoarthrtis (OA) and musculoskeletal pain
47
Commonly used to relieve pain in horses often associated with colic. Used extra label to treat disc disease, endotoxic shock, calf diarrhea and parvovirus
Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)
48
Some clinicians believe this drug relieves colic pain so well that it can give a false sense of security
Flunixin Meglumine
49
Originally a commercial solvent, used to carry other drugs through the skin
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
50
Only label use of this drug is topical relief of swelling from trauma in dogs and horses, used IV after intestinal, brain or spine injury, also used to treat perivascular injection of irritating drugs and lick granulomas
DMSO
51
Dosage forms of DMSO
90% gel and solution Synotic (DMSO and steroid in topical prep)
52
This drug is associated with a garlic taste after applied, skin irritation and burning, also teratogenic effects in some species
DMSO
53
DMSO must be used carefully with what?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
54
Butylscopalamine bromide is used to treat what?
Colic in horses
55
Diclofenac sodium (Surpass) is used to treat _______ in horses but has side effects in the GI tract; colic
osteoarthritis
56
Used for treatment of synovitis in horses
Hyaluronate sodium
57
Used for equine pain control associated with musculoskeletal inflammation usually involving chronic hoof problems
Meclofenamate sodium (Arquel, Meclofen)
58
Helps promote cartilage formation in horses and dogs, reduces joint damage from joint disease
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan)
59
Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic but is not an ____ \_\_\_\_\_
Anti- inflammatory
60
Cats have limited ability to biotransform this drug and can die from a single dose
Acetaminophen
61
Side effects of acetaminophen
anemia, cyanosis, methemoglobinemia and liver damage
62
Natural occurring cortisol, corticosterone and deoxycortisol are produced in the ____ \_\_\_
Adrenal gland
63
Similar in structure and important in the synthesis of natural steroid hormones including corticosteroids
Cholesterol
64
True or false? All corticosteroids have the same basic structure
True
65
Activty of corticosteroids that regulate water and electrolyte balance, often associated with Addison's disease
Mineralcorticoids
66
Activity of corticosteroids with anti inflammatory effects
Glucocorticoids
67
True or false? Corticosteroids have one effect or the other
False, all corticosteroids have the same effect with one or the other predominating
68
Corticosteroids that suppress the immune system by blocking phospholipase, and prevent the production of prostaglandin
Glucocorticoids
69
How do glucocorticoids protect the cell from inflammation?
Stabilize cell membranes and lysosomal membranes, disrupt histamine synthesis and inhibit interleukin synthesis
70
How do glucocorticoids supress the immune system?
Inhibit antibody formation, decrease lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers, suppress the migration of neutrophils and inhibit phagocytosis
71
What are the two mechanisms of action associated with Glucocortioids?
Protects cells from inflammation and suppresses the immune system
72
What is the duration for short acting corticosteroids?
Less than 12 hours
73
What is the duration for intermediate acting corticosteroids?
12-36 hours
74
What is the duration for long acting corticosteroids?
36-48 hours
75
Steroids should NEVER be used with \_\_\_\_
NSAIDs
76
Infection, pregnancy, corneal ulcers, stomach ulcers, diabetes mellitus, oestoporosis, CHF, chronic nephritis, and Cushing's disease are all contraindications for what drugs?
Corticosteroids
77
Long acting form of corticosteroids
repositol
78
What are the model corticosteroids?
Prednisolone, prednisone
79
Medium acting corticosteroid with many indications
Prednisone
80
Predisolone Sodium Succinate and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate are both ______ acting corticosteroids
Intermediate
81
Dexamethason, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, prednisolone acetate, betamethazone and triamcinolone are all _____ acting corticosteroids
Long acting
82
Prednisolone Acetate laste ____ weeks
2-4 weeks
83
Betamethazone lasts ____ weeks
3 weeks
84
Triamcinolone lasts ____ weeks
1-2 weeks
85
What is the oral long acting corticosteroid?
Dexmethasone (Azium)
86
What are the oral intermediate acting corticosteroids?
Methyprednisolone (Medrol) and Triamcinolone (Vetalog)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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