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Pharmacology > Anti-Inflammatory Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain

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2
Q

Chemicals released in response to an injury that cause inflammation (4 listed)

A

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Histamine

Cytokines

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3
Q

Fever, dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability of blood vessels, and attraction of phagocytic cells are all _____ effects of chemical mediators

A

Beneficial

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4
Q

Bronchoconstriction, anaphylactic shock, platelet aggregation, cell death and intestinal spasm are all _____ effects of chemical mediators

A

Harmful

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5
Q

Center in the _____ regulates body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

A ____ is a substance that initiates fever

A

Pyrogen

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7
Q

Fevers are usually treated with ____

A

NSAIDs

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8
Q

Cyclooxygenase come in what 2 forms?

A

COX 1 and COX 2

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9
Q

Involved in the maintenance of the mucous coating of the stomach and blood flow to the kidneys

A

COX 1

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10
Q

Responsible for prostaglandin production that mediates inflammation

A

COX 2

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11
Q

NSAIDs that exclusively inhibit ____ lessen the side effects usually seen with these drugs

A

COX 2

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12
Q

Most NSAIDs have both ____ and _____ properties

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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13
Q

Most common side effect of NSAIDs

A

GI BLEEDING!

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14
Q

Vomiting, kidney toxicity, bone marrow suppression and bleeding tendency are also common side effects of _____

A

NSAIDs

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15
Q

What species tend to biotransform drugs more slowly and are often given lower doses

A

Cats

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16
Q

When giving NSAIDs avoid giving with _____ and more than one at a time

A

Corticosteroids

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17
Q

Substance in willow bark that is the pharmacological ancestory of salicylates

A

Salicin

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18
Q

Effects of Acetylsalicylatc Acid include relieving pain, reducing fever, and inflammation as well as inhibit ____ ____

A

platelet aggregation

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19
Q

Baby asprin are ___ mg whereas regular aspirin are ___ mg

A

81 mg, 325 mg

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20
Q

Extra strength aspirin has ___ mg strength

A

500 mg

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21
Q

Aspirin should be stopped a week before any surgeries, due to what side effects?

A

Gastric ulceration and bleeding

Bleeding tendencies

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22
Q

Contraindications for use of aspirin

A

Bleeding tendencies and gastric ulceration

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23
Q

What is the half life of aspirin in humans? Dogs? Cats?

A

Humans - 1 1/2 hours

Dogs - 8 hours

Cats - 30 hours

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24
Q

What is the dose for aspirin use in dogs?

A

5-10 mg/kg bid-tid

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25
Q

What is the dose for aspirin use in cats?

A

81 mg every 2-3 days (no more than 2-3 times a week)

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26
Q

NSAID used for the treatment of lameness in horses, pain associated with colic, and musculoskeletal inflammation

A

Phenylbutazone

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27
Q

Common side effects of Phenylbutazone

A

GI bleeding and bone marrow suppression

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28
Q

This drug can not be used in dairy cows > 20 months of age due to public health concerns

A

Phenylbutazone

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29
Q

Phenylbutazone is given via ___ ONLY because it will slough tissue

A

IV route

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30
Q

Carprofen common proprietary name

A

Rimadyl

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31
Q

Drug that works as a selective COX 2 inhibitor and inhibits COX 1 only slightly

A

Carprofen

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32
Q

Common NSAID used for post op pain, degenerative joint disease, and osteoarthritis

A

Carprofen

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33
Q

When using this drug, owners should be made aware that 1/5000 patients have been reported dead due to liver failure

A

Carprofen

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34
Q

Carprofen should be stopped immediately upon these side effects

A

Anorexia, V/D

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35
Q

This is one of the best anti-inflammatories available due to selective COX inhibition

A

Carprofen

36
Q

Used in horses for treatment of pain and inflammation, also for post op/chronic pain in dogs and cats

A

Ketaprofen

37
Q

Used in horses for similar reasons to Ketoprofen, but reported to cause GI ulceration in dogs

A

Naproxen

38
Q

NSAID that is not to be used in animals

A

Ibuprofen

39
Q

Why is ibuprofen contraindicated for use in animals?

A

Causes fatal GI bleeding

40
Q

Cox 2 specific NSAID used for post op pain and osteoarthritis

A

Deracoxib (Deramaxx)

41
Q

Deracoxib is contraindicated in what species?

A

Cats

42
Q

NSAID popular for cats, that work as an analgesic, anti inflammatory and anti pyretic

A

Robenacoxib (Onsior)

43
Q

Highly selective COX 2 inhibitor, comes in oral chewable tabs for dogs or paste for horses

A

Firocoxib (Equioxx, Previcox)

44
Q

COX 2 preferential NSAID associated with a “musty” smell, and comes in a liquid with a dropper for dogs, and injectable only for cats

A

Meloxicam (metacam)

45
Q

Blocks both COX and Lipooxygenase, rapidly disintegrating tablet that breaks down on contact so it can not be spit out. For use in Dogs.

A

Tepoxalin

46
Q

Etodolac is used for management of ___ and mild-moderate ____ pain

A

Osteoarthrtis (OA) and musculoskeletal pain

47
Q

Commonly used to relieve pain in horses often associated with colic. Used extra label to treat disc disease, endotoxic shock, calf diarrhea and parvovirus

A

Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)

48
Q

Some clinicians believe this drug relieves colic pain so well that it can give a false sense of security

A

Flunixin Meglumine

49
Q

Originally a commercial solvent, used to carry other drugs through the skin

A

DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)

50
Q

Only label use of this drug is topical relief of swelling from trauma in dogs and horses, used IV after intestinal, brain or spine injury, also used to treat perivascular injection of irritating drugs and lick granulomas

A

DMSO

51
Q

Dosage forms of DMSO

A

90% gel and solution

Synotic (DMSO and steroid in topical prep)

52
Q

This drug is associated with a garlic taste after applied, skin irritation and burning, also teratogenic effects in some species

A

DMSO

53
Q

DMSO must be used carefully with what?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

54
Q

Butylscopalamine bromide is used to treat what?

A

Colic in horses

55
Q

Diclofenac sodium (Surpass) is used to treat _______ in horses but has side effects in the GI tract; colic

A

osteoarthritis

56
Q

Used for treatment of synovitis in horses

A

Hyaluronate sodium

57
Q

Used for equine pain control associated with musculoskeletal inflammation usually involving chronic hoof problems

A

Meclofenamate sodium (Arquel, Meclofen)

58
Q

Helps promote cartilage formation in horses and dogs, reduces joint damage from joint disease

A

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan)

59
Q

Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic but is not an ____ _____

A

Anti- inflammatory

60
Q

Cats have limited ability to biotransform this drug and can die from a single dose

A

Acetaminophen

61
Q

Side effects of acetaminophen

A

anemia, cyanosis, methemoglobinemia and liver damage

62
Q

Natural occurring cortisol, corticosterone and deoxycortisol are produced in the ____ ___

A

Adrenal gland

63
Q

Similar in structure and important in the synthesis of natural steroid hormones including corticosteroids

A

Cholesterol

64
Q

True or false? All corticosteroids have the same basic structure

A

True

65
Q

Activty of corticosteroids that regulate water and electrolyte balance, often associated with Addison’s disease

A

Mineralcorticoids

66
Q

Activity of corticosteroids with anti inflammatory effects

A

Glucocorticoids

67
Q

True or false? Corticosteroids have one effect or the other

A

False, all corticosteroids have the same effect with one or the other predominating

68
Q

Corticosteroids that suppress the immune system by blocking phospholipase, and prevent the production of prostaglandin

A

Glucocorticoids

69
Q

How do glucocorticoids protect the cell from inflammation?

A

Stabilize cell membranes and lysosomal membranes, disrupt histamine synthesis and inhibit interleukin synthesis

70
Q

How do glucocorticoids supress the immune system?

A

Inhibit antibody formation, decrease lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers, suppress the migration of neutrophils and inhibit phagocytosis

71
Q

What are the two mechanisms of action associated with Glucocortioids?

A

Protects cells from inflammation and suppresses the immune system

72
Q

What is the duration for short acting corticosteroids?

A

Less than 12 hours

73
Q

What is the duration for intermediate acting corticosteroids?

A

12-36 hours

74
Q

What is the duration for long acting corticosteroids?

A

36-48 hours

75
Q

Steroids should NEVER be used with ____

A

NSAIDs

76
Q

Infection, pregnancy, corneal ulcers, stomach ulcers, diabetes mellitus, oestoporosis, CHF, chronic nephritis, and Cushing’s disease are all contraindications for what drugs?

A

Corticosteroids

77
Q

Long acting form of corticosteroids

A

repositol

78
Q

What are the model corticosteroids?

A

Prednisolone, prednisone

79
Q

Medium acting corticosteroid with many indications

A

Prednisone

80
Q

Predisolone Sodium Succinate and Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate are both ______ acting corticosteroids

A

Intermediate

81
Q

Dexamethason, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, prednisolone acetate, betamethazone and triamcinolone are all _____ acting corticosteroids

A

Long acting

82
Q

Prednisolone Acetate laste ____ weeks

A

2-4 weeks

83
Q

Betamethazone lasts ____ weeks

A

3 weeks

84
Q

Triamcinolone lasts ____ weeks

A

1-2 weeks

85
Q

What is the oral long acting corticosteroid?

A

Dexmethasone (Azium)

86
Q

What are the oral intermediate acting corticosteroids?

A

Methyprednisolone (Medrol) and Triamcinolone (Vetalog)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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