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Pharm Block 2 > Anti-hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti-hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Antihypertensive drugs

A

Diuretics
Sympatholytics
Vasodilators
RAAS agents

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2
Q

Thiazides

A

First-line treatment for uncomplicated HTN:
Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide

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3
Q

Loops

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid
Torsemide

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4
Q

K-sparing

A

Spironolactone
Triamterene
Amiloride

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5
Q

Diuretics - MoA

A

Thiazides- block Na/Cl cotransporter @ distal conv
Loops- block NaK2Cl cotransporter @ loop
K-sparing- block aldosterone/block eNAC @ collecting duct

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6
Q

Diuretics - adverse effects

A

elevated renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone

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7
Q

Sympatholytics

A 
Non-selective B antagonists
Selective B1 antagonists
Neuronal blockers
Alpha 2 agonists
Alpha 1 antagonists
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8
Q

Non-selective B antagonists

A

Propranolol

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9
Q

Selective B1-antagonists

A

Atenolol

Metoprolol

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10
Q

Neuronal blockers

A

Reserpine (prevents NE vesicle loading)

Guanethedine (prevents NE vesicle docking at cleft)

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11
Q

CNS alpha-2 agonist

A

clonidine

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12
Q

alpha-1 antagonist

A

Prazosin

Terazosin

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13
Q

CNS alpha-2 contraindication

A

Elderly pts do not take clonidine due to sedation/confusion and orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

Vasodilators

A

Calcium channel blockers

Direct vasodilators

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15
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine (dihyrdopyridine)
Diltiazem
Verapamil

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16
Q

Calcium channel blocker - MoA

A

Block L-type calcium channels and prevent vascular smooth muscle contraction (dihyropyridines)
Block calcium entry into cell (non-dihyropyridines)

17
Q

Calcium channel blockers - adverse effects

A

Nifedipine - reflex tachy, ankle edema

Diltiazem/Verapamil - ankle edema. do not use with Beta blockers - can cause AV block

18
Q

Direct acting vasodilators

A

Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Sodium Nitroprusside

19
Q

Hydralazine/Minoxidil- MoA

A

Dilates arterioles

20
Q

Hydralazine/Minoxidil - adverse effects

A

Reflex Tachy

Minoxidil - hirsutism, ankle edema

21
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside - MoA

A

Dilate venules

22
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside - adverse effects

A

cyanide toxicity

23
Q

RAAS agents

A

ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin receptor blockers

24
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

-pril drugs

25
Q

ACE inhibitor- adverse effects

A

Using two classes at the same time can lead to hyperkalemia (ACEI, ARB, renin inhib, K-sparing)

ACE Inhibitor induced angioedema* and bradykinin cough*

26
Q

ARBs

A

-sartans

27
Q

ACE, ARB major contraindication

A

pregnancy (fetal kidney defects)

28
Q

Renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

Pharm Block 2 (13 decks)

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