Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics II > Anti-hyperlipidemics > Flashcards

Anti-hyperlipidemics Flashcards

1
Q

Dyslipidemia risks

A

-coronary, cerebrovasc, peripheral arterial disease
-major risk for CHD
-coronary artherosclerosis contributes to ischemic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lipids

A

-cholesterol
-cholesterol esters
-TGs
-phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipoproteins

A

-LDL
-HDL
-VLDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Apolipoproteins

A

-Apo-B
-Apo-A1
-Apo-CIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Artherosclerosis pathogenesis

A
  1. endothelial injury
  2. inflammatory response
  3. Macrophage infiltration
  4. Platelet adhesion
  5. Smooth muscle cell proliferation
  6. Extracellular matrix accumulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dyslipidemia sx

A

-MOST ASYMPTOMATIC
-depends on severity and duration of disease
-chest pain
-palpitations
-sweating
-anxiety
-SOB
-loss of consciousness
-difficulty w speech or movement
-ab paain
-sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signs of dyslipidemia

A

-pancreatitis
-eruptive xanthomas
-peripheral polyneuropathy
-inc BO
-waist size (>40 inches men >35 women)
-BMI >30kg/m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dyslipidemia lab values

A

-inc Non HDL-C, TC, LDL-C
-inc TGs, APO-B, CRP, LDL-P
-DEC HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LDL-C

A

-amount of cholesterol in LDL particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LDL-P

A

-number of LDL particles
-not routinely ordered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non HDL-C

A

-amount of cholesterol in atherogenic particles
-not routine
-non-HDL-C = TC- HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Apo-B

A

-number of artherogenic particles
-not routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ApoB, LDL-P, non HDL-C

A

-all valid in non-fasting sample w elevated TGs
-all mosre predictive of future CVD risk than LDL-C alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-fasting lipid profile appropriate if:

A

-assessing initial risk
-pt not on lipid therapy
-no family hx of genetic hyperlipidemia
-pt TGs low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fasting Lipid Panel (FLP)

A

-TC
-TG
-HDL-C
-LDL-C (friedewald equation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Friedewald equation

A

-estimate LDL from FLP
-LDL calculation not valid when TG >400
-LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5

17
Q

What else is important w a FLP

A

-Non-fasting sample (TC, HDL)
-TC/HDL (goal <5:1, optimal 3-3.5:1)

18
Q

pracice FLP

A

practice FLP

19
Q

Nonpharma tx

A

-DASH diet (veggiess, fruit, grain, fish, legumes, oils, nuts)
-reduce calories from saturated and trans fats (5-6% of calories)
-lower sodium intake to at least 1000mg/day
-exercise 90-150min/week

20
Q

Saturated Fat intake calculation

A

-9 cal per gram of fat
-19g fat *9 = 171 cal
-171/2000 = 8.6%
-double quarter pounder w cheese
-goal 5-6%

21
Q

Olestra to Reduce intake of saturated fats and cholesterol

A

-nondigestable, nonabsorbable, noncaloric fat substitute

22
Q

Soluble fiber

A

-oat bran
-pectins or gums
-psyllium products
-binds cholesterol in gut and reduces hepatic production and clearance
-psyllium seed 10-15g daily may dec TC and LDL by 20%

23
Q

Psyllium products

A

-binds cholesterol in gut and reduces hepatic production and clearnace
-psyllium seed 10-15g daily may dec TC and LDL by 20%

24
Q

Lifestyle change

A

-Olestra
-soluble fiber
-plant stanols and sterols
-weight reduction (10% loss if overweight)
-inc physical activity 40 min daily 3-4 days a week
-smoking cessations

25
Q

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A

-eating fish once weekly can reduce CV risk
-EPA/DHA
-reduces TG
-may increase LDL 4-49%
-most products OTC
-Lovaza
-Vascepa

26
Q

Lovaza

A

-2-4g qd or divided BID
-omega-3

27
Q

Vascepa

A

-2g BID wf
-omega-3
-icosapent ethyl (IPE): the only triglyceride
-risk-based nonstatin therapy FDA-approved for ASCVD risk reduction

28
Q

Effects of non-pharma therapy

A

-reducing saturated fat and adding 2g plant sterols great

29
Q

Pharmacologic treatment options

A

-HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
-Bile acid resins/sequestrants
-Niacin
-Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
-fibrates
-PCSK9 inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies
-Inclisiran
-Bempedoic acid

30
Q

Pharma agents that have more effect on TGs

A

-fibrates
-omega-3

31
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

-lovastatin (altoprev, mevacor)
-pravastatin (pracachol)
-pitavastatin (livalo)
-simvastatin (Zocor)
-fluvastatin (lescol
-atorvastatin (lipitor)
-Rosuvastatin (crestor)

32
Q

statin comparative efficacy?

A

please i hope i dont need to know this

33
Q

Low intensity statins + doses

A

-simvastatin 10mg
-pravastatin 10-20mg
-lovastatin 20mg
-fluvastatin 20-40mg

34
Q

Moderate intensity statins

A

-atorvastatin 10-20mg
-rosuvastatin 5-10mg
-simvastatin 20-40mg
-pravastatin 40-80mg
-lovastatin 40-80mg
-fluvastatin 40mg BID
-fluvastatin XL 80mg
-pitavastatin 1-4mg

35
Q

High intensity statins

A

-atorvastatin 40-80mg
-rosuvastatin 20-40mg

36
Q

Properties of statins

A

slide 44

Therapeutics II (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions