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Air Law > Annex 2 - Rules of the Air > Flashcards

Annex 2 - Rules of the Air Flashcards

1
Q

What is the trickle down of Rules, from ICAO to you the operator?

A
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2
Q

What is SERA?

A

Standardized European Rules of the Air

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3
Q

What is the objectives of SERA?

A

To establish Common Rules of the Air

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4
Q

When flying over another state you must follow their..?

A

their rules and regulations (if they are more restrictive than the rules of your aircraft registration).

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5
Q

The rules of the air apply to the aircraft…………..of a State.

A

Nationality and Registration marks

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6
Q

For the purposes of flights over those parts of the high seas where a ……………….. rules in force will be those established by that State.

A

Contracting State has accepted responsibility for that region

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7
Q

Where no Contracting State has taken responsibility for flights over the high seas, the rules in force are those established by?

A

ICAO

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8
Q

Aircraft, either in flight or on the movement area of an aerodrome, are required to operate according to the General Rules, and in addition, when in flight, with either:

A

VFR - The visual flight rules in VMC visual meteorological conditions.

IFR - Instrument Flight Rules, normally flown in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).

A pilot may elect to fly in accordance with the IFR in VMC, or may be required to do so by the appropriate ATS authority.

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9
Q

The PIC of an aircraft has the …… as to the operation of the aircraft while in command and is ultimately responsible for the safe conduct of the…?

A

Final Authority

Flight

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10
Q

What are some of the pre-flight actions?

A

Be Familiar with all available and appropriate (intended flight) information for flights away from the vicinity of an aerodrome & all IFR flights.

A careful study of available current weather reports and forecasts.

Consideration of fuel requirements.

Consideration of an alternative course of action if the flight cannot be completed as planned.

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11
Q

An aircraft engaged in international air navigation shall carry the following documents:

A

a. A certificate of Registration (CoR).
b. A certificate of Airworthiness (CoA)
c. licenses for each member of the crew.
d. Journey log book.
e. Aircraft radio station license. If equipped with radio apparatus
f. If passengers are carried, a passenger manifest (list).
g. If cargo is carried, a cargo manifest and detailed declarations.

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12
Q

How thick is the transition layer?

A

at least 1000 ft

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13
Q

Who gives you the transition level?

A

Given By ATC / ATIS / DATIS

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14
Q

How do you find the transition altitude?

A

found on Instrument Plates / AIP

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15
Q

What Special Use Airspace: is there?

A

Prohibited / Restricted / Danger Areas

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16
Q

what is an AIP:

A

Aeronautical Information Publication.

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17
Q

what are the classification of aircraft?

A
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18
Q

An aircraft, which has the right of way, shall maintain its?

A

heading and speed.

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19
Q

When two aircraft are approaching head on, or approximately head-on, and there is a danger of collision, each aircraft shall alter heading to the…?

A

Right

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20
Q

When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same level, the aircraft that has the other on its..

A

Right shall give way

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21
Q

Detail the right of way order in the air?

A
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22
Q

Detail the right of way order on the ground?

A
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23
Q

When two aircraft are approaching to land, the aircraft at the higher level shall give way to aircraft at the

A

lower level. Lower level aircraft shall not take advantage of this rule.

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24
Q

A beacon light is?

A

an anti-collision light

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25
Q

Regardless of other rules, a pilot is permitted to switch off or reduce the intensity of any flashing lights fitted if they’re likely to:

A
  1. Adversely affect the satisfactory performance of duties.
  2. Subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.
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26
Q

all aircraft fitted with anti-collision lights shall also display these lights outside the period from

A

sunset to sunrise.

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27
Q

What colour are anti collision lights?

A

Flashing red or white

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28
Q

all aeroplanes when operated at night shall be equipped with:

A

a. two landing lights;

b. illumination for all instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aeroplane that are used by the flight crew;

c. lights in all passenger compartments; and

d. an independent portable light for each crew member station.

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29
Q

Detail the Nav and tail light on an AC and the angles of illumination

A

Lights are required to be shown 90° above and below the horizontal

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30
Q

Detail the Nav and tail light on an AC and the angles of illumination

A

Lights are required to be shown 90° above and below the horizontal

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31
Q

Detail the signals for aerodrome traffic, in Flight and on the ground

A
32
Q

Detail the different lights on an Aircraft?

A
33
Q

When are repetitive flight plans (RPL) used?

A

Used for IFR flights operated regularly on the same day of consecutive weeks or at least 10 occasions

34
Q

What are the flight plan deviation rules?

A
35
Q

What should a pilot do when VFR and the weather deteriorates below VMC?

A

When VFR, the pilot should:

  • Request an amended clearance or leave controlled airspace
  • Maintain VMC and notify ATC
  • Request Special VFR if in a CTR
  • Request to operate IFR
36
Q

With a comms failure in VMC what should the pilot do?

A

Land at the nearest airport and report ASAP to ATCU

37
Q

With a comms failure in IMC what should the pilot do if under ATC radar?

A
  • Maintain last assigned speed and level for:

▪ ATC has radar –7 minutes following either the last assigned level being reached, squawking 7600 or not reporting at a compulsory reporting point (CRP), whichever occurs latest

They should then:

▪ Adjust to speed & level in the flight plan

▪ Proceed to nav aid/fix at destination and
hold until descent

▪ Descend at last acknowledged and
received EAT (or ETA)

▪ Use a normal instrument approach

▪ Land within ±30 minutes of EAT/ETA

38
Q

With a comms failure in IMC what should the pilot do if under ATC with no radar?

A
  • Maintain last assigned speed and level for:

ATC has no radar – 20 minutes following failure to report at Compulsory reporting point

  • They should then:

▪ Adjust to speed & level in the flight plan

▪ Proceed to nav aid/fix at destination and
hold until descent

▪ Descend at last acknowledged and
received EAT (or ETA)

▪ Use a normal instrument approach

▪ Land within ±30 minutes of EAT/ETA

39
Q

What are the emergency frequencies?

A

121.5 MHz and 243 MHz

40
Q

When would you refile a flight plan?

A
41
Q

Detail the different signals you could see in the signal square?

A
42
Q

An aircraft that has right of way shall maintain?

A

Heading and speed

43
Q

An aircraft is not to be flown under simulated instrument flight conditions unless:

A
  1. Fully functioning dual controls are installed in the aircraft
  2. A qualified pilot occupies a control seat to act as safety pilot for the person who is flying under simulated instrument conditions.
44
Q

An aircraft operated on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall:

A

a) Observe other aerodrome traffic to avoid collisions.

b) Conform with or avoid the circuit pattern.

c) Make all turns to the Left, when landing & after take-off, unless otherwise instructed.

45
Q

What are the classifications of airspace?

A

B - IFR and VFR flights are permitted; all flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other.

46
Q

A flight plan shall be submitted prior to operating any flight:

A
  • Provided with an Air Traffic Control service.
  • Under IFR within Advisory (Class F).
  • When along designated routes, and flight information & Alerting Services are required.
  • Into designated military areas, or along designated routes, when it is required by the appropriate ATS authority to facilitate co-ordination with appropriate military units or with ATSUs in adjacent States.
  • Across international borders.
47
Q

Unless specified otherwise by the appropriate ATS authority, a flight plan for a flight provided with an air traffic control or air traffic advisory service shall be submitted the flight plan how long before departure?

A

60 minutes

48
Q

A flight plan must be submitted at a time that will ensure its receipt by the appropriate ATSU, at least 10 minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach either:

A
  • The intended point of entry into a control or advisory airspace.
    or
  • The point of crossing an Airway or Advisory route.
49
Q

If a controlled flight is delayed the flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new flight plan submitted when the delay exceeds the estimated….?

A

Estimated Off-block time by 30 mins

50
Q

If an uncontrolled flight is delayed the flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new flight plan submitted when the delay exceeds the estimated….?

A

Estimated Off-block time by 60 Minutes.

51
Q

All changes, or delays, to a flight plan submitted for an IFR flight, or a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight, shall be reported as…?

A

soon as practicable to the appropriate ATSU.

52
Q

Arrival reports shall contain the following elements of information:

A
  • Aircraft identification.
  • Departure aerodrome.
  • Destination aerodrome (only in the case of a diversionary landing).
  • Arrival aerodrome.
  • Time of arrival.
53
Q

What time do ATS units use? How accurate does it need to be?

A

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a 24 hour clock is used.

Time Provided by ATC shall be accurate to within 30 seconds of UTC.

54
Q

If an ATC clearance is not satisfactory to the PIC, they may request…?

A

a change and, if practicable, be issued an amended clearance.

55
Q

Inadvertent Deviation From Flight Plan

Deviation from track, what must the AC do?

A

action should be taken immediately to adjust the heading of the aircraft to regain track in the most direct manner.

56
Q

Inadvertent Deviation From Flight Plan

Variation in TAS, what must the AC do?

A

expected to vary, by ±5% or 10kts of the TAS submitted in the flight plan, the appropriate ATSU shall be informed.

57
Q

Inadvertent Deviation From Flight Plan

Change in time estimate, what must the AC do?

A

time estimate for the next applicable reporting point, FIR boundary or destination aerodrome, whichever comes first, is found to be in error by more than 2 minutes from that notified to the ATS. A revised estimate must be provided.

58
Q

Comms Failure Radar Vectoring, what should you do?

A
  1. Re-join current flight plan prior to reaching the next compulsory reporting point.
  2. Continue Flight to Destination as per the flight plan.
  3. Upon reaching the Nav Aid Serving the Aerodrome begin approach at ETA or EAT.
  4. Landing should be achieved within 30 minutes after the ETA or EAT.
59
Q

EAT (Expected Approach Time): Is the time ATC expects than an aircraft following a delay will leave the holding fix to…?

A

Complete its approach for landing

60
Q

ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival): is the estimated time on the Flight Plan at which an aircraft will leave the holding fix serving the aerodrome to…?

A

compete its approach for landing.

61
Q

VFR flights shall not take-off or land in CTR (control zone) or enter ATZ or pattern when:

A

1) Ceiling is less than 1,500 ft or
2) Ground visibility is less than 5 km
3) “Unless cleared for Special VFR by ATCU”

62
Q

A Special VFR Flight means a VFR Flight cleared by ATC to operate within a Control Zone (CTR) in Meteorological Conditions below VMC, which are?

A
  1. Ceiling not less than 600ft
  2. Minimum Visibility is 1.5 Km
  3. Remain in sight with the ground.
  4. Max speed: 140kts
63
Q

VFR flights should not operate above?

A

FL200

64
Q

Except when Necessary for Take off and Landing or with specific approval from the Authorities may a VFR flight operate:

A

Congested - 1000 ft above highest obstacle

Uncongested - 500 ft above the highest obstacle

Within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft.

No VFR considered above FL290 in RVSM airspace.

65
Q

What happens in RVSM airspace?

A

Above FL290 rather than being 2000 ft separation it can go to 1000 ft

66
Q

If an aircraft operating in VFR wishes to change to compliance with IFR it shall:

A

If a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be made to its current flight plan.

67
Q

Detail VMC airspace separation

A
68
Q

Rules for IFR Flight Minimum Levels

Where no minimum flight altitude has been established ,at a level at least, what should be the separation?

A

1000 ft over the Highest Obstacle.

2000 ft for high terrain or in mountainous areas

Above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

69
Q

What does RVSM extend from?

A

FL290 - FL410

70
Q

What does RVSM stand for?

A

Reduced Vertical separation Minima

71
Q

Define the semi circular rule in VFR and IFR airspace

A
72
Q

What is the manoeuvring area?

A

That part of an aerodrome intended to be used for the taking off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.

73
Q

What is the movement area?

A

Manoeuvring Area + Apron

74
Q

What are the Visual signals used to warn an unauthorized aircraft flying in, or about to enter a Restricted, Prohibited or Danger area, aircraft must avoid those area.

A

Red and Green Projectiles are discharged every 10 seconds.

75
Q

How would an aircraft acknowledge light signals?

A
76
Q

What are the ground marshal signals?

A

Air Law (16 decks)

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