Animals- (7) The basics of the digestive system Flashcards
What are the 4 major macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
main functions of carbohydrates
provide materials to build cell membrane, provide quick energy for cells. Fructose, glucose, lactose, cellulose
main functions of lipids (fats)
energy reserves, cushion and insulation, build cell membranes. fats, oils, waxes
main functions of proteins
structure and support for body tissues and muscles. Aid in muscle contractions, act as a catalyst, immunity against infection. insulin, ezymes, hemoglobin, antibodies.
main function of nucleic acids
contain genetic info, direct the organisms growth. DNA and RNA
monosaccharides vs Disaccharides
Mono= glucose, fructose, galactose.
Di= created thrugh the condensation reaction of two monosaccharides= sucrose, lactose, maltose.
What must proteins be broken down into?
amino acids.
How are lipids broken down?
pancreatic lipase is water soluble so it only works at the surface of fat globules. emulsification breaks the fats into emulsion droplets. Bile salts and phospholipids allow lipids to form micelles.
What are the 6 functions of the water in our body?
1.)transporting water dissolved nutrients into the cells of the small intestine. 2)flushing toxins from cells.
3) lubricating tissues and joints
4) forming blood + mucas
5) regulating body temp (sweat)
6) eliminating waste materials (urine, sweat)
4 feeding mechanisms
filter feeding, substrate feeding, fluid feeding, bulk feeding
filter feeding
Aquatic animals use a body structure similar to a filter basket to gather organisms such as protist and bacteria suspended in water.
substrate feeding
live in or on their food source and eat their way through it.
fluid feeding
obtain food by sucking or licking nutrient rich fluids from live plants or animals. mosquitos, ticks, bees.
bulk feeding
ingest fairly large pieces of of food. some cheew and some swallow whole.
4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
