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Biology 51 > Animal Kingdom > Flashcards

Animal Kingdom Flashcards

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1
Q

Main characteristics of animals

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • No cell wall
  • Heterotrophic (food taken in, then ingested)
  • Ability to move at least once during their life
  • Reproduce sexually, embryo develops into organism
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2
Q

How are animals initially classified

A

Vertebrate (1 phylum: chordata) vs invertebrate (many phylums)

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3
Q

How are animals further classified

A
  • Body organization (body layers, segments, symmetry of segments)
  • Locomotion
  • Reproduction (internal vs external reproduction, gametes produced)
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4
Q

Types of body organization in animals

A
  1. asymmetrical
  2. radil symmetry
  3. bilateral symmetry
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5
Q

Name the invertebrate groups

A
  • Sponges and cnidarians
  • Worms
  • Molluscs
  • Echinoderms
  • Arthopod
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6
Q

Characteristics of sponges and cnidarians

A
  • 2 tissue layers
  • asymm., simple body plan
    Ex: jellyfish
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7
Q

Characteristics of worms

A

Two classes: flatworms (simple nervous system) vs segmented worms (complex digestive/nervous system, ringed segments)

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8
Q

Characteristics of molluscs

A
  • Bilateral symm. (identical halves)
  • Soft bodies protected by hard shells
  • Clams, oysters, mussels, snails
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9
Q

Characteristics of echinoderms

A
  • Radial symm.
  • Spiny endoskeleton (inside body, under think skin layer)
  • Tube feet working as suction cups
  • Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins
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10
Q

Characteristics of arthopods

A
  • Most diverse group
  • Insects, crustaceans
  • Exoskeleton (skeleton outside body) protects animal and avoids drying out
  • Diverse body plans, segmented
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11
Q

Characteristics of vertebrates

A

Notochord (tube down body that muscles attach to)
Dorsal structure important for nervous system

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12
Q

Vertebrate groups

A
  • Fish
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Birds
  • Mammals
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13
Q

Characteristics of fish

A
  • Aquatic environments
  • Swim bladder
  • Move side to side
  • Skeleton made of cartilage, bone
  • Breathe through gills
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14
Q

Characteristics of reptiles

A
  • Internal fertilization; egg develops in hard shell, expelled to finish gestation outside in someplace warm
  • Lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles
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15
Q

Characteristics of amphibians

A
  • Most likely first animals to live on land
  • External fertilization
  • Wet skin to breathe (gas exchange)
  • Toads, frogs, salamanders
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16
Q

Characteristics of birds

A
  • Feathers, hollow bones, adaptations to fly, special respiratory system
  • 4-chambered heart
  • High body heat
17
Q

Characteristics of mammals

A
  • Mammary glands
  • Hair
  • 4-chambered heart
  • Produce own body heat
  • Highly developed brains
  • Give birth to live children

Biology 51 (13 decks)

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