Animal cloning

Question 1

What is differentiation?

Answer 1

Developmental events between fertilised egg and mature organism and the specialisation of cells for functions

Question 2

Describe Dolly the sheep

Answer 2

Nuclear transfer- remove nucleus from recipient egg and inject donor cell and fuse together

Question 3

Describe xenotransplantation

Answer 3

Transplantation of animal organs into humans

Possible to manipulate genes involved in rejection

Question 4

Describe the process of gene knockout by nuclear transfer

Answer 4

Alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase is not present in primates and it adds a carbohydrate antigen to pig cells which is attacked by the human immune system
Knockout of this gene by HR and NT using cultured foetal fibroblasts provides a foundation for xenotransplantation

Question 5

Describe iPs cells

Answer 5

Induced pluripotent stem cells

Reverse differentiation by administering 4 transcription factors in viral vectors