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Leah VPH > animal byproducts and specified risk material > Flashcards

animal byproducts and specified risk material Flashcards

1
Q

What are animal by products

A

An ABP is the entire body, part of an animal or a product of animal origin which is not intended for human consumption

Once material becomes ABP it cannot revert to being foodstuff

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2
Q

What are the reasons for ABP control?

A

ABP are controlled to ensure:
- hygienic production of meat
- not in food chain
- human and animal health
- they are safely and suitably handled and disposed

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3
Q

what % of animal is usually ABP
(chicken, pig, bovine, sheep/goat)

A

68% of a chicken
62% of a pig
54% of a bovine
52% of a sheep/goat.

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4
Q

What are edible co-products

A

Edible Co-products are intended for human
consumption prior further processing:
- Fats
- Stomachs, bladders and intestines
- Gelatine and collagen

Not treated/processed edible co-products mean they will become ABP

Animal By-products are not intended for human consumption

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5
Q

What are the regulations/legislation for the handling and disposal of ABP

A

(EC) 1069/2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption

Regulation (EC) 852/2004 (hygiene of foodstuffs)

Regulation (EC) 853/2004 (hygiene of food of animal origin)

Regulation 2017/625 and 2019/627: (OV/ Competent authority controls)

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6
Q

Who is responsible for control of ABP

A

FBO: due diligence

APHA: licence and audit of ABP plants

Local Authority (LA): Transport of ABP

OV: supervision and enforcement at the abattoir

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7
Q

Describe cat 1 waste

A

For disposal only
Pose highest risk to human/animal health & include specified risk material (SRM):
- all SRM
- entire bodies or parts of dead animal & carcasses containing SRM
- all body parts of animals suspected/confirmed as being infected by TSE
- animal material (sludge) collected from waste water drain screenings in ruminant slaughterhouses
- animals killed in context of TSE eradication measures
- wild animals when suspected of being infected with diseases communicable to humans or other animals (e.g. bTB or FMD)
- products derived from animals treated with substances prohibited under EC legislation or containing residues of environmental contaminants
- international catering waste, dead pets, lab animal carcasses & dead zoo animals
- mixture of cat 1 material with cat 2/3 material

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8
Q

describe cat 2 waste

A

Unfit for human or animal consumption

sludge collected from (6mm) waste water drain screenings in non ruminant (pig and poultry) slaughterhouse

products containing residues of authorised veterinary drugs and contaminants exceeding the permitted levels

material imported from third countries or member states which does not comply with the veterinary requirements of the EU

Carcases (not containing SRM) from animals not presented for am insp. or without FCI

animals and parts of animals that die other than by being slaughtered for human consumption, including those killed for disease control purposes (unless these fall into Category 1)

products of animal origin that have been declared unfit for human consumption due to the presence of foreign bodies in those products

manure and digestive tract contents

blood from any animal which has not passed ante mortem inspection

mixtures of Category 2 material with Category 3 material

ABP not included in definitions for Category 1 or 3: - Most of the post-mortem rejections due to pathology

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9
Q

describe cat 3 waste

A

Fit but not intended for Human consumption

The following parts if the animals passed the ante-mortem inspection:
- Poultry heads and feathers
- Pig bristles
- Feet
- Hides and skin
- Horns
- Blood of pigs and poultry if passed am insp.
- Blood of ruminants if passed pm insp.
. PM rejections not posing a risk to animal health ( for example over scalded carcases, liver with lesions

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10
Q

What can cat 3 ABP be used for

A

Production of raw pet food only

Raw pet food contains certain cat 3 material which has not undergone any preserving process other than chilling/freezing

From:
- fir but not intended for human consumption
- Rejected at PM but not posing risk to animal/human health
- poultry heads that passed AM

Stored & transported at <7C

Labelled as pet food only during transport

Packaged to prevent leakage

Prevented from contamination throughout production until point of sale

Sampled for Salmonella spp & Enterobacteria

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11
Q

Describe disposal routes for cat 1, 2 & 3

A

Category 1 (highest risk, includes SRM):
- approved incinerators, pressure sterilization followed by permanent marking and landfill, fuel combustion at approved combustion plant.
- Burial at authorized landfill (international waste only)

Category 2 ( high risk):
- as above plus
- After processing use as fertilizers and soil improvers or for fuel combustion or for cosmetics, medical devices and safe industrial technical uses
- manure to land, gut room waste to non-pasture land (no processing needed)

Category 3( low risk):
- as above plus
- pet food plants, technical plants (pharmaceutical), biogas plants and tanneries.

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12
Q

Describe pressure sterilisation for cat 1 & 2 waste

A
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13
Q

Describe pressure sterilisation for cat 3 waste

A
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14
Q

What are the exemptions for cat 1, 2 & 3 waste

A
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15
Q

What are the ABP requirements at the abattoir

A
  1. Identification: labelled
    - Category 1: For disposal only,
    - Category 2 Nor for Animal consumption,
    - Category 3 Not for Human consumption
  2. Storage: to avoid contamination(in different rooms if frozen), chilled if required
  3. Staining (using a dye):
    - Cat. 1
    * Containing SRM: blue
    * Non containing SRM: any colour
    - Cat. 2: any colour
  4. Collection and transport
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16
Q

Describe ABP storage

A

Leak-proof containers

Closely fitting lids

Labelled

Impervious, easy to clean and disinfect

Lidded and Separated from fit for human consumption products
Well maintained

17
Q

Describe ABP staining

A

Cat 1 containing SRM: a blue dye

Cat 2 and other Cat 1 (i.e. non containing SRM): a dye of any colour

ASAP

Properly prepared and applied

Avoiding contamination of fit for human consumption product

Derogations: Whole bodies of dead animals, Teaching/research material, dispute, OV inspection, blood, manure/digestive content etc.

18
Q

Describe ABP collection & transport

A

Labelled containers

Dispatched to approved premises for the ABP collected

Record keeping with all relevant information (weight/description/cat./destination/date/signature/…)

19
Q

Describe the enforcement of ABP

A

Inside the abattoir: FSA on behalf of Defra, Scottish Government and Welsh Government
( risk based enforcement: verbal, written, Statutory notices)

Outside the abattoir: Trading standards/APHA, but the OV must report them if they suspect a breach related to transport or destination

20
Q

What is SRM

A

Specified risk material (SRM) is those parts of cattle, sheep and goats that are most likely to pose a risk of infectivity if the animal from which it comes from was infected with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease. It is essential, therefore, that it is removed from both the human and animal food chains and destroyed.(

21
Q

Describe SRM in cattle

A
22
Q

Describe vertebral column removal in cattle over 30 months (OTM) vs under 30 months (UTM)

A

OTM:
- RED stripe on label.
- VC removed only at authorised cutting plant.
- Required method of Operation (RMOP)/SOP in place.

UTM:
- No VC removal required.
- NO Red stripe label.
- NO Red stripe means VC doesn’t need to be removed.

For any carcase not identified, or lost, its ID will have to have VC removed (regardless of age)

23
Q

Describe age identification for cattle (for SRM)

A

Identification (Passports and ear tags)

Dentition (only useful for over 30 months old when 5 or more permanent
incisors erupted and passport says under 30 months)

Carcass labelling ( red stripe vs no red stripe)
Table of SRM tissues depending on the age

24
Q

Describe SRM in sheep & goats

A
25
Q

Describe age identification for sheep & goats (for SRM)

A

Identification through ear tags
(no passports and little info by FCI)

Dentition ( 1 permanent incisor=over 12months) (this might change!!)
SRM tissues table

26
Q

In what animals does TSE monitoring occur

A

Cattle for human consumption (HC).
Cattle not for HC.
Sheep & goats for HC.
Sheep & goats not for HC.
Infected flocks.

27
Q

Describe TSE legislation

A

EC 999/2001 (as amended) laying down law regarding monitoring, surveillance and eradication of TSEs.

TSE (England) (No. 2) Regs 2010.As amended

EC) 625/2017 and 627/2019(official controls).As amended

28
Q

What animals should you test for scrapie surveillance

A

Suspect scrapie cases (Scrapie and BSE are both NDs)

Over 18months old DOA/DIL sheep and goats in participating abattoirs

A random sample of over 18months old for human consumption sheep and goats( and have more than two permanent incisors)

29
Q

Describe scrapie testing

A
  1. FBO removes the head
  2. OV or fully trained MHI (by APHA generally) removes brain stem and cerebellum
  3. Send it to the TSE testing laboratory
30
Q

What animals (cattle) are tested for BSE

A
  • All cattle which die or are killed other than for human consumption (fallen stock) aged over 48 months. (or >24months non EU26)
  • All emergency slaughter animals
  • or animals found sick at ante mortem inspection or if signs of welfare has been compromised( observations ~accidents) aged over 48 months.
  • Animals born before 1st August 1996 ( disposed as Cat 1 and tested for BSE)
  • No sampling in UK or rest of EU healthy animals (Except Romania, Bulgaria).
  • Sampling for OTM (non EU26 and Romania and Bulgaria) healthy at slaughter
31
Q

Describe BSE testing in cattle in abattoirs

A

Animal segregation in lairage and killed last if possible

Brain stem taken by FBO.

FBO trained by APHA

Dispatched to laboratory.

Carcase & offal & other by products only released on receipt of a NEGATIVE test result.

Not health marked until then.

Retained securely until then.

TRACEABILITY (hide, sides, offal, ABP)

32
Q

Describe detention awaiting BSE results

A
  • All carcases and parts need to be stored under official control until the test results are known.
  • Kill order.
  • Sealed fridges or rails.
  • Sealed trailers or rooms.
  • Hides may leave site
    before test results provided
    a protocol has been agreed
    In between FSA-FBO(SOP)

Leah VPH (34 decks)

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