animal byproducts and specified risk material Flashcards
What are animal by products
An ABP is the entire body, part of an animal or a product of animal origin which is not intended for human consumption
Once material becomes ABP it cannot revert to being foodstuff
What are the reasons for ABP control?
ABP are controlled to ensure:
- hygienic production of meat
- not in food chain
- human and animal health
- they are safely and suitably handled and disposed
what % of animal is usually ABP
(chicken, pig, bovine, sheep/goat)
68% of a chicken
62% of a pig
54% of a bovine
52% of a sheep/goat.
What are edible co-products
Edible Co-products are intended for human
consumption prior further processing:
- Fats
- Stomachs, bladders and intestines
- Gelatine and collagen
Not treated/processed edible co-products mean they will become ABP
Animal By-products are not intended for human consumption
What are the regulations/legislation for the handling and disposal of ABP
(EC) 1069/2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption
Regulation (EC) 852/2004 (hygiene of foodstuffs)
Regulation (EC) 853/2004 (hygiene of food of animal origin)
Regulation 2017/625 and 2019/627: (OV/ Competent authority controls)
Who is responsible for control of ABP
FBO: due diligence
APHA: licence and audit of ABP plants
Local Authority (LA): Transport of ABP
OV: supervision and enforcement at the abattoir
Describe cat 1 waste
For disposal only
Pose highest risk to human/animal health & include specified risk material (SRM):
- all SRM
- entire bodies or parts of dead animal & carcasses containing SRM
- all body parts of animals suspected/confirmed as being infected by TSE
- animal material (sludge) collected from waste water drain screenings in ruminant slaughterhouses
- animals killed in context of TSE eradication measures
- wild animals when suspected of being infected with diseases communicable to humans or other animals (e.g. bTB or FMD)
- products derived from animals treated with substances prohibited under EC legislation or containing residues of environmental contaminants
- international catering waste, dead pets, lab animal carcasses & dead zoo animals
- mixture of cat 1 material with cat 2/3 material
describe cat 2 waste
Unfit for human or animal consumption
sludge collected from (6mm) waste water drain screenings in non ruminant (pig and poultry) slaughterhouse
products containing residues of authorised veterinary drugs and contaminants exceeding the permitted levels
material imported from third countries or member states which does not comply with the veterinary requirements of the EU
Carcases (not containing SRM) from animals not presented for am insp. or without FCI
animals and parts of animals that die other than by being slaughtered for human consumption, including those killed for disease control purposes (unless these fall into Category 1)
products of animal origin that have been declared unfit for human consumption due to the presence of foreign bodies in those products
manure and digestive tract contents
blood from any animal which has not passed ante mortem inspection
mixtures of Category 2 material with Category 3 material
ABP not included in definitions for Category 1 or 3: - Most of the post-mortem rejections due to pathology
describe cat 3 waste
Fit but not intended for Human consumption
The following parts if the animals passed the ante-mortem inspection:
- Poultry heads and feathers
- Pig bristles
- Feet
- Hides and skin
- Horns
- Blood of pigs and poultry if passed am insp.
- Blood of ruminants if passed pm insp.
. PM rejections not posing a risk to animal health ( for example over scalded carcases, liver with lesions
What can cat 3 ABP be used for & what are the requirements?
Production of raw pet food only
Raw pet food contains certain cat 3 material which has not undergone any preserving process other than chilling/freezing
From:
- fit but not intended for human consumption
- Rejected at PM but not posing risk to animal/human health
- poultry heads that passed AM
Stored & transported at <7C
Labelled as pet food only during transport
Packaged to prevent leakage
Prevented from contamination throughout production until point of sale
Sampled for Salmonella spp & Enterobacteria
Describe disposal routes for cat 1, 2 & 3
Category 1 (highest risk, includes SRM):
- approved incinerators, pressure sterilization followed by permanent marking and landfill, fuel combustion at approved combustion plant.
- Burial at authorized landfill (international waste only)
Category 2 ( high risk):
- as above plus
- After processing use as fertilizers and soil improvers or for fuel combustion or for cosmetics, medical devices and safe industrial technical uses
- manure to land, gut room waste to non-pasture land (no processing needed)
Category 3( low risk):
- as above plus
- pet food plants, technical plants (pharmaceutical), biogas plants and tanneries.
Describe pressure sterilisation for cat 1 & 2 waste
Describe pressure sterilisation for cat 3 waste
What are the exemptions for cat 1, 2 & 3 waste
What are the ABP requirements at the abattoir
- Identification: labelled
- Category 1: For disposal only,
- Category 2 Nor for Animal consumption,
- Category 3 Not for Human consumption - Storage: to avoid contamination(in different rooms if frozen), chilled if required
- Staining (using a dye):
- Cat. 1
* Containing SRM: blue
* Non containing SRM: any colour
- Cat. 2: any colour - Collection and transport
Describe ABP storage
Leak-proof containers
Closely fitting lids
Labelled
Impervious, easy to clean and disinfect
Lidded and Separated from fit for human consumption products
Well maintained
Describe ABP staining
Cat 1 containing SRM: a blue dye
Cat 2 and other Cat 1 (i.e. non containing SRM): a dye of any colour
ASAP
Properly prepared and applied
Avoiding contamination of fit for human consumption product
Derogations: Whole bodies of dead animals, Teaching/research material, dispute, OV inspection, blood, manure/digestive content etc.
Describe ABP collection & transport
Labelled containers
Dispatched to approved premises for the ABP collected
Record keeping with all relevant information (weight/description/cat./destination/date/signature/…)
Describe the enforcement of ABP inside & outside the abatroir.
Inside the abattoir: FSA on behalf of Defra, Scottish Government and Welsh Government
( risk based enforcement: verbal, written, Statutory notices)
Outside the abattoir: Trading standards/APHA, but the OV must report them if they suspect a breach related to transport or destination
What is SRM
Specified risk material (SRM) is those parts of cattle, sheep and goats that are most likely to pose a risk of infectivity if the animal from which it comes from was infected with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease. It is essential, therefore, that it is removed from both the human and animal food chains and destroyed.(
Describe SRM in cattle
Describe vertebral column removal in cattle over 30 months (OTM) vs under 30 months (UTM)
OTM:
- RED stripe on label.
- VC removed only at authorised cutting plant.
- Required method of Operation (RMOP)/SOP in place.
UTM:
- No VC removal required.
- NO Red stripe label.
- NO Red stripe means VC doesn’t need to be removed.
For any carcase not identified, or lost, its ID will have to have VC removed (regardless of age)
Describe age identification for cattle (for SRM)
Identification (Passports and ear tags)
Dentition (only useful for over 30 months old when 5 or more permanent incisors erupted and passport says under 30 months)
Carcass labelling ( red stripe vs no red stripe)
Table of SRM tissues depending on the age
Describe SRM in sheep & goats
Describe age identification for sheep & goats (for SRM)
Identification through ear tags
(no passports and little info by FCI)
Dentition ( 1 permanent incisor=over 12months) (this might change!!)
SRM tissues table
In what animals does TSE monitoring occur
Cattle for human consumption (HC).
Cattle not for HC.
Sheep & goats for HC.
Sheep & goats not for HC.
Infected flocks.
Describe TSE legislation
EC 999/2001 laying down law regarding monitoring, surveillance and eradication of TSEs.
TSE (England) (No. 2) Regs 2010
EC 625/2017 and 627/2019
What animals should you test for scrapie surveillance
Suspect scrapie cases (Scrapie and BSE are both NDs)
Over 18months old DOA/DIL sheep and goats in participating abattoirs
A random sample of over 18months old for human consumption sheep and goats( and have more than two permanent incisors)
Describe scrapie testing
- FBO removes the head
- OV or fully trained MHI (by APHA generally) removes brain stem and cerebellum
- Send it to the TSE testing laboratory
What animals (cattle) are tested for BSE
- All cattle which die or are killed other than for human consumption (fallen stock) aged over 48 months. (or >24months non EU26)
- All emergency slaughter animals
- or animals found sick at ante mortem inspection or if signs of welfare has been compromised( observations ~accidents) aged over 48 months.
- Animals born before 1st August 1996 ( disposed as Cat 1 and tested for BSE)
- No sampling in UK or rest of EU healthy animals (Except Romania, Bulgaria).
- Sampling for OTM (non EU26 and Romania and Bulgaria) healthy at slaughter
Describe BSE testing in cattle in abattoirs
Animal segregation in lairage and killed last if possible
Brain stem taken by FBO.
FBO trained by APHA
Dispatched to laboratory.
Carcase & offal & other by products only released on receipt of a NEGATIVE test result.
Not health marked until then.
Retained securely until then.
TRACEABILITY (hide, sides, offal, ABP)
Describe detention awaiting BSE results
- All carcases and parts need to be stored under official control until the test results are known.
- Kill order.
- Sealed fridges or rails.
- Sealed trailers or rooms.
- Hides may leave site
before test results provided
a protocol has been agreed
In between FSA-FBO(SOP)
