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Medicine 2.1 > Anatomy-Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Anatomy-Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are found in the hand?

A
  • 8 carpals
  • 5 metacarpals
  • 14 phalanges (thumb only has 2)
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2
Q

What are the names of the 8 carpals?

A
  • Proximally: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

- Distally: hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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3
Q

What carpal bones articulate with the radius?

A

-The proximal carpal bones form a convex surface which articulates with the concave surface of the articular disk and radius.

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4
Q

What does the fascia do?

A

-Holds tendons, blood vessels and nerves close to bones

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5
Q

What fascia is at the wrist and what are its properties?

A
  • Retinaculum
  • A thick deep fibrous band
  • Holds tendons down and prevents bowstringing
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6
Q

What types of retinacula are in the wrist?

A
  • Flexor retinaculum: over anterior carpal bones (flexor tendons and median nerve pass under)
  • Extensor retinaculum: on dorsal carpal bones (extensor tendons of hands and digits pass under)
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7
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

-Flexor retinaculum attatched to; scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate.

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8
Q

What forms the floor of the carpal tunnel?

A

-Concave arch of carpal bones (covered by extrinsic palmar ligaments)

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9
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  • 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
  • Vascular synovium
  • Median nerve (superficial to tendons)
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10
Q

What movements can the thumb do?

A
  • Between the trapezium and base 1st metacarpal:

- abduction -adduction -extension -flexion -opposition -reposition

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11
Q

What movements can the hand do?

A
  • Non prehensile movements: pushing, hitting (with flat hand)
  • Prehensile movements: grasp and grip, dependant on positioning of fingers
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12
Q

Explain power grip and the muscles involved?

A
  • Grasped in palm
  • Allows holding of tool or punching
  • Strong
  • Long extrinsic flexors of fingers and intrinsic muscles in palm
  • Wrist extended
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13
Q

Explain precision grip and the muscles involved?

A
  • Allows fine control of manipulative movements
  • Grip between tips of fingers and thumb (opposition)
  • Involves hold by extrinsic flexors and extensors (precision from intrinsic muscles)
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14
Q

What movements can occur between the radius and the carpals?

A
  • Abduct
  • Neutral
  • Adduct
  • Extend
  • Neutral
  • Flex
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15
Q

What are the metacarpophalangeal joints and what movements occur here?

A
  • Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges
  • Flex/extend (wave bye)
  • Abduct/adduct (move fingers apart/back)
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16
Q

What are the interphalangeal joints and what movements do they do?

A
  • Proximal IP joint = between proximal and middle phalanges
  • Distal joint = between middle and distal phalanges
  • Flex/extend: curl and straighten digits
17
Q

What groups can the muscles that move the hand, wrist and muscles be separated into?

A

-Intrinsic: belly inside palm (intricate movements and precision grip)
-Extrinsic: long flexors and extensors, belly outside hand.
Important in power grip
Tendons enter hand deep to retinaculi
Traverse digits in fibrous sheath

18
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic flexors of the fingers?

A
  • Palmaris longus

- Flexor digitorum superficialis

19
Q

What are the deep extrinsic flexors of the fingers?

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus

- Flexor pollicis longus

20
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic extensors of the fingers?

A
  • Extensor digitorum

- Extensor digiti minimi

21
Q

What are the deep extrinsic extensors of the fingers?

A

-Extensor indicis

22
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the thumb?

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus (ant.)
  • Extensor pollicis longus (post.)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (post.
  • Abductor pollicis brevis (post.)
23
Q

What is the anatomical snuffbox?

A

A key landmark for physical examination.

-Triangular deepening on radius dorsal hand.

24
Q

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

-scaphoid and trapezius bones

25
Q

What binds the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • Tendon of extensor pollicis longus medially
  • Tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus laterally
  • radial styloid process proximally
  • 1st CMC joint distally
26
Q

What are the 4 groups of intrinsic finger muscles?

A
  • Thenar
  • Hypothenar
  • Lumbricals
  • Interossei
27
Q

What supplies the intrinsic finger muscles?

A

-Ulnar and radial

28
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi
  • Opponens digiti minimi
29
Q

What are the muscles of the thenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollicis
30
Q

What are the lumbrical muscles?

A

-4 deep muscles

31
Q

Where are the interossei located?

A
  • 3 on palmar side

- 4 on dorsal side

Medicine 2.1 (29 decks)

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