Anatomy- Hip and Thigh

Question 1

What does the pelvic girdle connect?

Answer 1

-The VC and femurs

Question 2

What 3 bones and joints form the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

• Left and right hip bones and sacrum

- Sacroiliac and pubic symphysis joints

Question 3

What 3 parts form the hip bone and what keeps them together?

Answer 3

• Ilium, ischium, pubis

- Triradiate cartilage

Question 4

What forms the acetabulum?

Answer 4

-Formed by fusion of ilium, ischium and pubis bones.

Question 5

What type of joint is the hip joint and what makes it up?

Answer 5

• Synovial, ball and socket

- Head of femur and acetabulum

Question 6

Is the hip joint stable and how/why?

Answer 6

• Very stable, compromises mobility for stability

- Good fit as acetabular ligament deepens the hole to make it a good fit

Question 7

What are the ligaments stabilising the hip joint?

Answer 7

• The ligaments are capsular thickenings that form a spiral around the hip.
• Iliofemoral
• Pubofemoral
• Ischiofemoral

Question 8

Where is the iliofemoral ligament and what is its role?

Answer 8

• Covers hip joint superior and anterior
• Strongest
• Prevents hyperextension during standing

Question 9

Whaere is the pubofemoral joint and what is its role?

Answer 9

• Covers hip joint ant. and inf.

- Prevents excessive abduction

Question 10

Where is the ishciofemoral joint and what is its role?

Answer 10

• Covers hip joint post.

- Weakest

Question 11

What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament do?

Answer 11

-They cross over to help form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen.
A key passageway for nerves and vessels.

Question 12

What movements can the hip joint do?

Answer 12

• Flexion 120
• Extension 30 due to iliofemoral ligament
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Internal and external rotation

Question 13

Where does the lumbosacral plexus form?

Answer 13

-L1-S4

Question 14

What 3 major nerves for sensory and motor innervation come off the lumbosacral plexus and where do they originate?

Answer 14

• Femoral (L2,3,4)
• Obturator (L2,3,4)
• Sciatic (L4-S3)

Question 15

What nerve supplies the gluteal muscles?

Answer 15

-Sup. and inf. gluteal nerves branches of internal iliac artery (named according to position in relation to piriformis muscle)

Question 16

What are the superficial gluteal muscles (post.)?

Answer 16

• Gluteus maximus

- Deeper is glutueus medius and then deeper is gluteus minimus

Question 17

What muscle is lateral and superficial of the gluteal region?

Answer 17

Tensor fascia latae

Question 18

What are some of the deeper muscles in the gluteal region (not gluteus muscles)?

Answer 18

• Piriformis
• Obturator internus
• Gemellis
• Quadratus femoris

Question 19

Where does the sciatic nerve pass and why is this significant?

Answer 19

• Passes inf. to piriformis
• Can become trapped under muscle if it spasms or swells and cause pain in leg or hip
• For intramuscular injections the gluteal region is safe but only upper right quadrant as we need to stay away from sciatic nerve.

Question 20

Describe the trendelenburg test?

Answer 20

• Detects weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus
• Ask patients to stand on each leg in turn
• Observe pelvis for any tilt, should remain level
• Can also be due to hip dislocations or arthritis

Question 21

What will the internal iliac go onto supply?

Answer 21

-Will branch to supply things around the pelvis.

Question 22

When does the external iliac become the femorall artery?

Answer 22

-Pass to lower levels under inginual ligament and become femoral artery.

Question 23

What is the journey of the femoral artery?

Answer 23

• Goes post to knee and becomes popliteal artery, as it leaves it branches ant. and post. tibial arteries.
• Ant. tibial artery heads down and becomes dorsalis pedis.
• Post. tibial artery gives off fibular branch and continues into sole and branches into med. and lat. plantar arteries.

Question 24

What is the roof and floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 24

• Roof- fascia latae

- Floor - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

Question 25

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 25

• Sup. = inginual ligament
• Med. = med. border of adductor longus (rest forms floor)
• Lat. = med. border of sartorius

Question 26

What role does the inginual ligament play in the femoral trianlge?

Answer 26

-Supports contents during hip flexion

Question 27

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 27

• Femoral nerve
• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Femoral canal
• Lymphatic vessel

Question 28

What nerve supplies muscle in the anterior thigh compartment?

Answer 28

-Femoral nerve

Question 29

What movements do muscles in anterior thigh compartment do?

Answer 29

-Hip flexion and knee extension

Question 30

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 30

• Rectus femoris
• Pectineus
• Sartorius
• Iliopsoas
• Quadriceps

Question 31

What nerve supplies muscles in medial compartment of thigh?

Answer 31

-Obturator nerve

Question 32

What movement do muscles in medial compartment of thigh do?

Answer 32

-Adduction

Question 33

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of thigh?

Answer 33

-Superficial:
Pectineus
Gracilus
Adductor longus
-Deep:
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Obturator externus
Quadratus femors

Question 34

What nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?

Answer 34

-Sciatic nerve

Question 35

What are the movments of muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?

Answer 35

• Hip extension

- Knee flexion

Question 36

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 36

• Biceps femoris
• Semitendinous
• Semimembranosus
• Adductor magnus