Anatomy- Hip and Thigh Flashcards
What does the pelvic girdle connect?
-The VC and femurs
What 3 bones and joints form the pelvic girdle?
- Left and right hip bones and sacrum
- Sacroiliac and pubic symphysis joints
What 3 parts form the hip bone and what keeps them together?
- Ilium, ischium, pubis
- Triradiate cartilage
What forms the acetabulum?
-Formed by fusion of ilium, ischium and pubis bones.
What type of joint is the hip joint and what makes it up?
- Synovial, ball and socket
- Head of femur and acetabulum
Is the hip joint stable and how/why?
- Very stable, compromises mobility for stability
- Good fit as acetabular ligament deepens the hole to make it a good fit
What are the ligaments stabilising the hip joint?
- The ligaments are capsular thickenings that form a spiral around the hip.
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
Where is the iliofemoral ligament and what is its role?
- Covers hip joint superior and anterior
- Strongest
- Prevents hyperextension during standing
Whaere is the pubofemoral joint and what is its role?
- Covers hip joint ant. and inf.
- Prevents excessive abduction
Where is the ishciofemoral joint and what is its role?
- Covers hip joint post.
- Weakest
What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament do?
-They cross over to help form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen.
A key passageway for nerves and vessels.
What movements can the hip joint do?
- Flexion 120
- Extension 30 due to iliofemoral ligament
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Internal and external rotation
Where does the lumbosacral plexus form?
-L1-S4
What 3 major nerves for sensory and motor innervation come off the lumbosacral plexus and where do they originate?
- Femoral (L2,3,4)
- Obturator (L2,3,4)
- Sciatic (L4-S3)
What nerve supplies the gluteal muscles?
-Sup. and inf. gluteal nerves branches of internal iliac artery (named according to position in relation to piriformis muscle)
What are the superficial gluteal muscles (post.)?
- Gluteus maximus
- Deeper is glutueus medius and then deeper is gluteus minimus
What muscle is lateral and superficial of the gluteal region?
Tensor fascia latae
What are some of the deeper muscles in the gluteal region (not gluteus muscles)?
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Gemellis
- Quadratus femoris
Where does the sciatic nerve pass and why is this significant?
- Passes inf. to piriformis
- Can become trapped under muscle if it spasms or swells and cause pain in leg or hip
- For intramuscular injections the gluteal region is safe but only upper right quadrant as we need to stay away from sciatic nerve.
Describe the trendelenburg test?
- Detects weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus
- Ask patients to stand on each leg in turn
- Observe pelvis for any tilt, should remain level
- Can also be due to hip dislocations or arthritis
What will the internal iliac go onto supply?
-Will branch to supply things around the pelvis.
When does the external iliac become the femorall artery?
-Pass to lower levels under inginual ligament and become femoral artery.
What is the journey of the femoral artery?
- Goes post to knee and becomes popliteal artery, as it leaves it branches ant. and post. tibial arteries.
- Ant. tibial artery heads down and becomes dorsalis pedis.
- Post. tibial artery gives off fibular branch and continues into sole and branches into med. and lat. plantar arteries.
What is the roof and floor of the femoral triangle?
- Roof- fascia latae
- Floor - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
- Sup. = inginual ligament
- Med. = med. border of adductor longus (rest forms floor)
- Lat. = med. border of sartorius
What role does the inginual ligament play in the femoral trianlge?
-Supports contents during hip flexion
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Femoral canal
- Lymphatic vessel
What nerve supplies muscle in the anterior thigh compartment?
-Femoral nerve
What movements do muscles in anterior thigh compartment do?
-Hip flexion and knee extension
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
- Rectus femoris
- Pectineus
- Sartorius
- Iliopsoas
- Quadriceps
What nerve supplies muscles in medial compartment of thigh?
-Obturator nerve
What movement do muscles in medial compartment of thigh do?
-Adduction
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of thigh?
-Superficial: Pectineus Gracilus Adductor longus -Deep: Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Obturator externus Quadratus femors
What nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?
-Sciatic nerve
What are the movments of muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?
- Hip extension
- Knee flexion
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinous
- Semimembranosus
- Adductor magnus
