Anatomy quiz skeletal system Flashcards
Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?
Protection of internal organs
Bone tissue can be described as……
Dense, hard connective tissue
WIthout red marrow, bones would not be able to….
Make blood cells
Yellow marrow has been identified as……
An area of fat storage
What can be found in areas of movement?
Cartilage
The skeletal system is made of what?
Bones and cartilage
Bones in the wrist are which type of bone?
Short bones
What occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis
Hematopoeisis
The diaphysis contains…..
Fat and compact bone
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the…..
Periosteum
What is only found in the cancellous bone tissue?
Trabeculae
The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?
A hole
How is cartilage used for bone development
Used as a blueprint for ossification
Bones grow in length due to the activity in the…..
Epiphyseal plate
Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation…..
beneath the periosteum
A fracture can be both……
Open and closed
In a compound fracture…..
broken bone pierces the skin
Wolff’s law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that…..
A right handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.
Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if….
Vitamin D is lacking
What foods are best for bone health?
Leafy green vegetables
Which hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?
Estrogen and testosterone
WIth respect to their firect effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?
Thyroxine and PTH
When calcium levles are too high or too low, which body system’s functions are primarily affected?
Nervous system
Transverse
Straight across the long axis of the bone
Oblique
Occurs at an angle that is not 90
Spiral
Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of twisting forces
Comminuted
Several breaks result in many small pieces
Impacted
One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression
Greenstick
Partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
Open/compound
Atleast one end of the bone tears through the skin
Closed/simple
Does not pierce the skin
Hardness and strength
Inorganic salt crystals
Flexibility
Collagen fibers
Osteogenic cells
Develop into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Bone formation
Osteocytes
Maintain mineral concentration of matrix
Osteoclasts
Bone resorption
Which structure do osteocytes use for communication adn recieve nutrients through?
Canaliculi
If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die?
Osteogenic cells
What does it mean to say bones have a dynamic nature
New tissue is constantly formed
Osteoblasts vs. osteoclasts
Blasts - Form new bone
Clasts - Reshaping bone
Compact vs. spongy bone
Compact is dencse
Spongy has spours and is not dense
Where is the compact bone found in the long bone?
In the diaphysis
Describe an osteon
Microscopic structural unit of compact bone
What is un the haversian canal of an osteon
Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Describe how the Volkmanns canal branches off the Haversian canal
Extends to the periosteum and endosteum
Describe the network system that is created by the canaliculi. What function does it serve?
Connects with canaliculi or other lacunae and eventually with the haversian canal.
What function does the canaliculi serve?
Allows nutrietns to be transported to osteosteum and wastes removes them.
The trabeculae of spongy bone may appear random,but describe the pattern in which they form and why.
Forms along lines of stress to provide strength to the bones
How do the spaces inthe spnogy bone provide balance to the bones as a whole?
Makes bones lighter so moves can move closer
Axial contains….
The head, neck, trunk, skull, hybroid bone, vertevral column, ribcage, and sternum
Appendicular contains……
Pectoral girdle(scapula, cavicle), upper limbs (arms) and pelvic girdle (coxal bones, lower limbs (legs)
End of the bone. Protects the ends when joints move and shock.
Articular cartilage
Inside the ends of our bone. Soft tissue of stem cells that produce red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets.
Red marrow
A membrane made of connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone. Bone growing cells that grow in width.
Periosteum
Ends of the bones (epiphyses). Light weight, pocket spaces filled with red marrow.
Spongy bone
Has few spaces, much heavier than spongy bone, makes up the middle/shaft of the bone (diaphysis)
Compact bones
Growth plates - length. Made of hyaline cartilage which ossifies and regrows repeatedly as you grown in height. Ossify permanently between ages 18 and 25.
Epiphyseal plates
Hollow space inside the shaft and filled with yellow marrow. (diaphysis)
Medullary cavity
Connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endeosteum
Adipose tissue, in the medullary cavity, if your body experiences significant blood loss, it will turn into red marrow
Yellow marrow
SHaft of the bone and made of compact bone
Diaphysis
Knobby ends of the bone and filled with spongey bone
Epiphyses
The epiphysis that is closest to the trunk
Proximal epiphysis
THe epiphysis that is farthest from the trunk
Distal epiphysis
TIny hole in the bone that blood vessels thread thorugh.
Nutrient foramen
Cylonder-like shape, longer than it is wide. Leverage
Long bone
Cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. Provides stability, support, while allowing for some motion
Short bone
Thin and curved. Points of attachment for muscles, protects internal organs
Flat bone
Complex shape. Protects internal organs
Irregular bones
Small and round, embedded in tendons. Protects tendons from compressive forces
Sesamoid
Osteocytes are located in the what?
Lacuna
Lucuna are located in the what?
Canaliculi
The canaliculi are surrounded by what
Lamella
Lamella are on shaped like what?
Circles in circles
The long crossways are called what?
Haversian canals
What connects the Haversian canals?
Volkmanns canals
