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English Final > Anatomy quiz skeletal system > Flashcards

Anatomy quiz skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?

A

Protection of internal organs

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2
Q

Bone tissue can be described as……

A

Dense, hard connective tissue

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3
Q

WIthout red marrow, bones would not be able to….

A

Make blood cells

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4
Q

Yellow marrow has been identified as……

A

An area of fat storage

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5
Q

What can be found in areas of movement?

A

Cartilage

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6
Q

The skeletal system is made of what?

A

Bones and cartilage

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7
Q

Bones in the wrist are which type of bone?

A

Short bones

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8
Q

What occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis

A

Hematopoeisis

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9
Q

The diaphysis contains…..

A

Fat and compact bone

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10
Q

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the…..

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

What is only found in the cancellous bone tissue?

A

Trabeculae

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12
Q

The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?

A

A hole

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13
Q

How is cartilage used for bone development

A

Used as a blueprint for ossification

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14
Q

Bones grow in length due to the activity in the…..

A

Epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation…..

A

beneath the periosteum

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16
Q

A fracture can be both……

A

Open and closed

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17
Q

In a compound fracture…..

A

broken bone pierces the skin

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18
Q

Wolff’s law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that…..

A

A right handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.

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19
Q

Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if….

A

Vitamin D is lacking

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20
Q

What foods are best for bone health?

A

Leafy green vegetables

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21
Q

Which hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?

A

Estrogen and testosterone

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22
Q

WIth respect to their firect effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?

A

Thyroxine and PTH

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23
Q

When calcium levles are too high or too low, which body system’s functions are primarily affected?

A

Nervous system

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24
Q

Transverse

A

Straight across the long axis of the bone

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25
Q

Oblique

A

Occurs at an angle that is not 90

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26
Q

Spiral

A

Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of twisting forces

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27
Q

Comminuted

A

Several breaks result in many small pieces

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28
Q

Impacted

A

One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression

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29
Q

Greenstick

A

Partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

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30
Q

Open/compound

A

Atleast one end of the bone tears through the skin

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31
Q

Closed/simple

A

Does not pierce the skin

32
Q

Hardness and strength

A

Inorganic salt crystals

33
Q

Flexibility

A

Collagen fibers

34
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Develop into osteoblasts

35
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone formation

36
Q

Osteocytes

A

Maintain mineral concentration of matrix

37
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorption

38
Q

Which structure do osteocytes use for communication adn recieve nutrients through?

A

Canaliculi

39
Q

If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die?

A

Osteogenic cells

40
Q

What does it mean to say bones have a dynamic nature

A

New tissue is constantly formed

41
Q

Osteoblasts vs. osteoclasts

A

Blasts - Form new bone
Clasts - Reshaping bone

42
Q

Compact vs. spongy bone

A

Compact is dencse
Spongy has spours and is not dense

43
Q

Where is the compact bone found in the long bone?

A

In the diaphysis

44
Q

Describe an osteon

A

Microscopic structural unit of compact bone

45
Q

What is un the haversian canal of an osteon

A

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Describe how the Volkmanns canal branches off the Haversian canal

A

Extends to the periosteum and endosteum

47
Q

Describe the network system that is created by the canaliculi. What function does it serve?

A

Connects with canaliculi or other lacunae and eventually with the haversian canal.

48
Q

What function does the canaliculi serve?

A

Allows nutrietns to be transported to osteosteum and wastes removes them.

49
Q

The trabeculae of spongy bone may appear random,but describe the pattern in which they form and why.

A

Forms along lines of stress to provide strength to the bones

50
Q

How do the spaces inthe spnogy bone provide balance to the bones as a whole?

A

Makes bones lighter so moves can move closer

51
Q

Axial contains….

A

The head, neck, trunk, skull, hybroid bone, vertevral column, ribcage, and sternum

52
Q

Appendicular contains……

A

Pectoral girdle(scapula, cavicle), upper limbs (arms) and pelvic girdle (coxal bones, lower limbs (legs)

53
Q

End of the bone. Protects the ends when joints move and shock.

A

Articular cartilage

54
Q

Inside the ends of our bone. Soft tissue of stem cells that produce red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets.

A

Red marrow

55
Q

A membrane made of connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone. Bone growing cells that grow in width.

A

Periosteum

56
Q

Ends of the bones (epiphyses). Light weight, pocket spaces filled with red marrow.

A

Spongy bone

57
Q

Has few spaces, much heavier than spongy bone, makes up the middle/shaft of the bone (diaphysis)

A

Compact bones

58
Q

Growth plates - length. Made of hyaline cartilage which ossifies and regrows repeatedly as you grown in height. Ossify permanently between ages 18 and 25.

A

Epiphyseal plates

59
Q

Hollow space inside the shaft and filled with yellow marrow. (diaphysis)

A

Medullary cavity

60
Q

Connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity

A

Endeosteum

61
Q

Adipose tissue, in the medullary cavity, if your body experiences significant blood loss, it will turn into red marrow

A

Yellow marrow

62
Q

SHaft of the bone and made of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

63
Q

Knobby ends of the bone and filled with spongey bone

A

Epiphyses

64
Q

The epiphysis that is closest to the trunk

A

Proximal epiphysis

65
Q

THe epiphysis that is farthest from the trunk

A

Distal epiphysis

66
Q

TIny hole in the bone that blood vessels thread thorugh.

A

Nutrient foramen

67
Q

Cylonder-like shape, longer than it is wide. Leverage

A

Long bone

68
Q

Cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. Provides stability, support, while allowing for some motion

A

Short bone

69
Q

Thin and curved. Points of attachment for muscles, protects internal organs

A

Flat bone

70
Q

Complex shape. Protects internal organs

A

Irregular bones

71
Q

Small and round, embedded in tendons. Protects tendons from compressive forces

A

Sesamoid

72
Q

Osteocytes are located in the what?

A

Lacuna

73
Q

Lucuna are located in the what?

A

Canaliculi

74
Q

The canaliculi are surrounded by what

A

Lamella

75
Q

Lamella are on shaped like what?

A

Circles in circles

76
Q

The long crossways are called what?

A

Haversian canals

77
Q

What connects the Haversian canals?

A

Volkmanns canals

English Final (20 decks)

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