Anatomy quiz skeletal system Flashcards by Alonna DePalma

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?

Protection of internal organs

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Bone tissue can be described as……

Dense, hard connective tissue

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WIthout red marrow, bones would not be able to….

Make blood cells

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Yellow marrow has been identified as……

An area of fat storage

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What can be found in areas of movement?

Cartilage

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The skeletal system is made of what?

Bones and cartilage

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Bones in the wrist are which type of bone?

Short bones

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What occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis

Hematopoeisis

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The diaphysis contains…..

Fat and compact bone

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The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the…..

Periosteum

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What is only found in the cancellous bone tissue?

Trabeculae

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The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?

A hole

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How is cartilage used for bone development

Used as a blueprint for ossification

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Bones grow in length due to the activity in the…..

Epiphyseal plate

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Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation…..

beneath the periosteum

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A fracture can be both……

Open and closed

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In a compound fracture…..

broken bone pierces the skin

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Wolff’s law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that…..

A right handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.

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Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if….

Vitamin D is lacking

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What foods are best for bone health?

Leafy green vegetables

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Which hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?

Estrogen and testosterone

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WIth respect to their firect effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?

Thyroxine and PTH

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When calcium levles are too high or too low, which body system’s functions are primarily affected?

Nervous system

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Transverse

Straight across the long axis of the bone

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Oblique

Occurs at an angle that is not 90

Spiral

Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of twisting forces

Comminuted

Several breaks result in many small pieces

Impacted

One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression

Greenstick

Partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

Open/compound

Atleast one end of the bone tears through the skin

Closed/simple

Does not pierce the skin

Hardness and strength

Inorganic salt crystals

Flexibility

Collagen fibers

Osteogenic cells

Develop into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

Bone formation

Osteocytes

Maintain mineral concentration of matrix

Osteoclasts

Bone resorption

Which structure do osteocytes use for communication adn recieve nutrients through?

Canaliculi

If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die?

Osteogenic cells

What does it mean to say bones have a dynamic nature

New tissue is constantly formed

Osteoblasts vs. osteoclasts

Blasts - Form new bone Clasts - Reshaping bone

Compact vs. spongy bone

Compact is dencse Spongy has spours and is not dense

Where is the compact bone found in the long bone?

In the diaphysis

Describe an osteon

Microscopic structural unit of compact bone

What is un the haversian canal of an osteon

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Describe how the Volkmanns canal branches off the Haversian canal

Extends to the periosteum and endosteum

Describe the network system that is created by the canaliculi. What function does it serve?

Connects with canaliculi or other lacunae and eventually with the haversian canal.

What function does the canaliculi serve?

Allows nutrietns to be transported to osteosteum and wastes removes them.

The trabeculae of spongy bone may appear random,but describe the pattern in which they form and why.

Forms along lines of stress to provide strength to the bones

How do the spaces inthe spnogy bone provide balance to the bones as a whole?

Makes bones lighter so moves can move closer

Axial contains....

The head, neck, trunk, skull, hybroid bone, vertevral column, ribcage, and sternum

Appendicular contains......

Pectoral girdle(scapula, cavicle), upper limbs (arms) and pelvic girdle (coxal bones, lower limbs (legs)

End of the bone. Protects the ends when joints move and shock.

Articular cartilage

Inside the ends of our bone. Soft tissue of stem cells that produce red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets.

Red marrow

A membrane made of connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone. Bone growing cells that grow in width.

Periosteum

Ends of the bones (epiphyses). Light weight, pocket spaces filled with red marrow.

Spongy bone

Has few spaces, much heavier than spongy bone, makes up the middle/shaft of the bone (diaphysis)

Compact bones

Growth plates - length. Made of hyaline cartilage which ossifies and regrows repeatedly as you grown in height. Ossify permanently between ages 18 and 25.

Epiphyseal plates

Hollow space inside the shaft and filled with yellow marrow. (diaphysis)

Medullary cavity

Connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Endeosteum

Adipose tissue, in the medullary cavity, if your body experiences significant blood loss, it will turn into red marrow

Yellow marrow

SHaft of the bone and made of compact bone

Diaphysis

Knobby ends of the bone and filled with spongey bone

Epiphyses

The epiphysis that is closest to the trunk

Proximal epiphysis

THe epiphysis that is farthest from the trunk

Distal epiphysis

TIny hole in the bone that blood vessels thread thorugh.

Nutrient foramen

Cylonder-like shape, longer than it is wide. Leverage

Long bone

Cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. Provides stability, support, while allowing for some motion

Short bone

Thin and curved. Points of attachment for muscles, protects internal organs

Flat bone

Complex shape. Protects internal organs

Irregular bones

Small and round, embedded in tendons. Protects tendons from compressive forces

Sesamoid

Osteocytes are located in the what?

Lacuna

Lucuna are located in the what?

Canaliculi

The canaliculi are surrounded by what

Lamella

Lamella are on shaped like what?

Circles in circles

The long crossways are called what?

Haversian canals

What connects the Haversian canals?

Volkmanns canals