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Medicine > Anatomy Part 6 > Flashcards

Anatomy Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Knee Joint is formed by the articulation

A

Femoral condyles, Tibial condyles, and the Patella (No fibula).

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2
Q

What the 3 joints of the knee?

A
  1. Medial Condylar: between medial condyles of femur and tibia.
  2. Lateral Condylar: between lateral condyles of femur and tibia.
  3. Patellofemoral: patella and patellar surface of femur.
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3
Q

What is the Plateau?

A

The Condyle of tibia

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4
Q

Between Medial and Lateral Condyles of Femur called:

A

Intercondylar IC notch.

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5
Q

Capsule is very thin, which allows easy movement of the knee joint.
• It surrounds sides and posterior aspect of joint, but is deficient anteriorly because :

A

Patella, Quadriceps tendon, and Patellar ligament covering the joint anteriorly

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6
Q

The knee joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, which helps to stabilize the joint and prevent dislocation. The “lateral” aspect of the capsule refers to the outer side of the joint.supported by:

A

encloses Popliteus muscle + supported by Iliotibial tract (it is a connective tissue)

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7
Q

What does prevent anterior dislocation of knee joint ?

A

On each side of patella, capsule is strengthened by expansions from vastus lateralis and medialis tendons

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8
Q

What does prevent posterior dislocation of the knee joint?

A

the knee joint posteriorly is strengthened by expansion of Semimembranous muscle called Oblique popliteal ligament.

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9
Q

What the ligament that is Extra-synovial, but intra-capsular)

A

Cruciate ligaments

Synovial membrane of knee joint attaches to margins of articular surfaces and to superior and inferior outer margins of menisci.
- It lines joint capsule except posteriorly (Cruciate ligaments)

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10
Q

Alar fold

A

On each side of the pad of the fat in the knee joint between patella and synovial membrane, the synovial membrane forms a fringed margin called Alar fold.

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11
Q

What is the shape of 2 menisci on cross section.?

A

من الجنب

Wedge shaped

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12
Q

Menisci of the knee joint

A

We have 2 menisci,
are fibrocartilaginous C-shaped cartilages, in knee joint (Medial Meniscus) and (Lateral Meniscus).

  • Both are attached at each end to facets in inter-condylar region of tibial plateau. Wedge shaped on cross section.
    • Outer border is thick, convex, fixed and vascular.
    • Inner border is thin, concave, free, avascular and nourished by synovial fluid.

They are intracapsular and intrasynovial.

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13
Q

Which is More liable to injury.

A

Medial Meniscus

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14
Q

Which does separate menisci from lateral collateral ligaments ?

A

Tendon of popliteus and fibrous capsule

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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE JOINT?

A
  1. Patellar Ligament

continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon inferior to patella. It is attached above to margins and apex of the patella and below to tibial tuberosity.

  1. Collateral Ligaments,

Fibular Collateral: attach superiorly to lateral epicondyle and inferiorly to the fibular head

Tibial Collateral: attached superiorly to medial epicondyle just inferior to Adductor tubercle of the femor. It tightens in Extension.
• Inferiorly, it divides into 2 parts:
a. Superficial Part: attach to upper 1/3 of tibia.
b. Deep Part: fuse with capsule and medial meniscus.

  1. Cruciate Ligaments .back to the table
  2. Coronary Ligaments
    They connect inferior edges of menisci to tibial plateaus.
    They are stressed during rotation of the knee joint.
  3. Oblique Popliteal Ligament
    expansion from the Semimembranosus tendon close to its insertion to the tibia
  4. Transverse Ligament:
    connects anterior margin of the lateral meniscus to anterior margin of medial meniscus.
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16
Q

Strengthens capsule posteriorly and prevents lateral rotation. Which ligament of knee joint ¿

A

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

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17
Q

Which of the following of the ligaments of the knee joint does prevent lateral rotation

A

Oblique Popliteal Ligament:

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18
Q

What is Y-shaped configuration over popliteus¿

A

Arecuate ligament

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19
Q

Limbs of the Arcuate Ligament

A

It is Y-shaped configuration over popliteus:
- Medial limb terminates into oblique popliteal ligament.
- Lateral limb invariable present, and is less distinct.

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20
Q

Arcuate Ligament

Part
Extend
Y shaped

A

part of oblique popliteal ligament.
- Extends backwards from Fibular head, arches over popliteal tendon and attaches to posterior border of Tibial intercondyles.
• It is Y-shaped configuration over popliteus:
- Medial limb terminates into oblique popliteal ligament.
- Lateral limb invariable present, and is less distinct.

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21
Q

Popliteofibular Ligament

A

Descends from Popliteus (at musculotendinous junction) to posterosuperior fibular head.
• Composed of anterior and posterior fascicles.

22
Q

What does terminal rotation mean¿

A

It is a slight outward rotation (about 5o) of tibia on femur locks the knee joint , During knee extension.

23
Q

Which of the ligaments of the knee joint is Composed of anterior and posterior fascicles.

A

Popliteofibular Ligament

24
Q

the main path in which structures move from the thigh to the leg.

A

Popliteal fossa

25
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped area found on the posterior side of the knee.
It is the main path in which structures move from the thigh to the leg.

26
Q

What is the Borders of the Popliteal Fossa¿

A
  1. Superomedial border: Semimembranosus.
  2. Superolateral border: Biceps femoris.
  3. Inferomedial border: Medial head of Gastrocnemius.
  4. Inferolateral border: Lateral head of Gastrocnemius.
  5. Posteriorly (roof): Skin, Superficial fascia, and Popliteal fascia.
  6. Anteriorly (floor): Popliteal surface of femur and popliteus.
27
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
a) Flexion of the hip joint
b) Extension of the knee joint
c) Flexion of the knee joint
d) Abduction of the thigh

A

c) Flexion of the knee joint

28
Q

How many origins does the popliteus muscle have?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

A

3

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the origins of the popliteus muscle?

a) Lateral femoral condyle
b) Posterior horn of lateral meniscus
c) Medial femoral condyle
d) Fibula (popliteofibular ligament)

A

c) Medial femoral condyle

30
Q

Which origin of the popliteus muscle is considered the strongest?
a) Lateral femoral condyle
b) Posterior horn of lateral meniscus
c) Fibula (popliteofibular ligament)
d) They are all equally strong

A

a) Lateral femoral condyle

31
Q

Origin of the popliteous muscle¿

A

3 origins
Lateral femoral condyle
Posterior horn of lateral meniscus
Fibula ( popliteofibular ligament)

32
Q

Insertion of the Popliteus¿

A

runs inferomedially towards tibia and inserts above origin of the soleus muscle.

33
Q

Popliteal fascia is pierced

A

Short Saphenous vein and Post. cutaneous nerve of thigh.

34
Q

What the Anterior Fascial Compartment of Leg

A

A. Tibialis anterior:

B. Extensor digitorum longus,
C. Extensor hallucis longus:

D. Fibularis tertius

35
Q

which lies lateral and deep to the Tibialis anterior.

A

Extensor digitorum longus

36
Q

which of Anterior Fascial Compartment of Leg
is not present in all individuals.¿

A

Fibularis tertius

37
Q

Nerve Supply:of
Anterior Fascial Compartment of Leg

Lateral Fascial Compartment of Leg

Posterior Fascial Compartment of Leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve.
Superficial peroneal nerve.
Tibial nerve, which is a branch of Sciatic nerve.

38
Q

Tibialis anterior:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of Tibia.
• Insertion: Tarsals and Base of 1st Metatarsal.
• Action: Dorsiflexion and foot inversion.

39
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Tibia and fibula.
• Insertion: Sends four long tendons to attach to toes (2-5).
• Action: Dorsiflexion and extension of toes (2-5)

40
Q

Extensor hallucis longus:

A

Origin: Fibula and Interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: Sends one tendon to distal phalanx of hallux.
• Action: Dorsiflexion and extension of hallux.

41
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Origin: Medial surface of the fibula with EDL.
• Insertion: 5th Metatarsal.
• Action: Eversion and Dorsiflexion of the foot.

42
Q

which lies lateral and deep to the Tibialis anterior

B. Extensor digitorum longus,
C. Extensor hallucis longus:

D. Fibularis tertius

A

Extensor digitorum longus

43
Q

Tendons of this muscle can be palpated on the dosral aspect of the foot.

A. Tibialis anterior:

B. Extensor digitorum longus,
C. Extensor hallucis longus:

D. Fibularis tertius

A

. Extensor digitorum longus

44
Q

Extensor hallucis longus:

A

Origin: Fibula and Interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: Sends one tendon to distal phalanx of hallux.
• Action: Dorsiflexion and extension of hallux.

45
Q

Muscles of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of Leg

A

Peroneal brevis( deep)
Peroneal longus ( superficialI

46
Q

Which muscles act Planterflexion

A

All posterior compartments of leg

47
Q

What is the nerve supply of the muscles in the posterior fascial compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve, which is a branch of the Sciatic nerve.

48
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle?

A

Flexes the lateral four toes (2-5). It also Plantarflex and Inverts the foot.

49
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

A

Origin: Fibula.
Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux.

50
Q

Origin of

Flexor digitorum longus

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Medial surface of Tibia.

Tibia and fibula

51
Q

Origin of
Extensor hallucis longus:
2. Flexor hallucis longus:

A

Fibula and Interosseous membrane.
: Fibula.

52
Q

True Ankle Joint what does it compose¿

A

inferior tibia,
medial malleolus,
and medial aspect of the lateral malleolus

Medicine (11 decks)

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