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Medicine > Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The medial end of the clavicle is
The lateral end of the Clavicle is

A

Round
Flat

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2
Q

the conoid tubercle,
Which ligament it attaches to?

A

Lateral end (acromial end): flat and attaches to acromial process of scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint.
- This end shows inferiorly the conoid tubercle, to which the coracoclavicular ligament attaches

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3
Q

the costal tuberosity,

A

Medial end (sternal end): rounded and attaches to the manubrium sternum to form the sternoclavicular joints.
- Inferiorly, this end shows the costal tuberosity, which is attached to the costoclavicular ligament.

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4
Q

links medial end of clavicle to 1st rib and costal cartilage.

A

Costo-clavicular ligament (strongest

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5
Q

spans the gap between the sternal ends of each clavicle and reinforces the joint capsule superiorly.

A

Inter-clavicular ligament:

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6
Q

Scapula

Between which ribs¿

A

It is flat triangular bone. It lies on the posterior chest wall between 2nd and 7th ribs.

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7
Q

A:on its posterior surface and projects backward.
b.: forms lateral end of spine, articulates with clavicle.
c. Process that projects upward and forward.

A

Spine process
Acrimon
Corocoid

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8
Q

It is a synovial saddle-type of joint with the articular surfaces being covered with hyaline cartilage.

A

the sternoclavicular joints.

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9
Q

a synovial plane joint located at the tip of shoulder with articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage.

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

The capsule of Acromioclavicular joint

A

loose fibrous layer
that encloses (تغطي) the articular surfaces.
It gives rise to the articular disc.

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11
Q

Posterior aspect of capsule is reinforced by which posterior muscle

A

trapezius muscle.

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12
Q

What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
a) Conoid and trapezoid
b) Lateral and medial
c) Superior and inferior

A

A

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13
Q

bicipital sulcus or groove.

A

Greater and Lesser tubercles directly below the anatomical neck, separated by Inter-tubercle or bicipital sulcus or groove.

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14
Q

Greater tubercle of humerus projects ……… and lesser tubercle projects ………

A

Laterally,anteriorly

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15
Q

WHAT ARE MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR PECTORAL REGION?

A

Pectoralis major:

Pectoralis minor:

Subclavius

Serratus anterior:

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16
Q

Pectoralis major:
Insertion
Origin
Action
Which muscle¿

A

Origin: Clavicle (clavicular head), sternum and upper 6 costal cartilages (sternal head), aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. • Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
• Action: Adducts arm and rotates it medially; clavicular fibres also flex arm.

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17
Q

Pectoralis minor:
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Origin: 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs.
• Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula.
• Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
• Action: draws the scapula forward and depress the shoulder.

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18
Q

Subclavius

Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Origin: 1st rib and its costal cartilage.
• Insertion: inferior surface of clavicle.(costal tuberosity)
• Function: helps pectoralis minor in its function and
helps keep the clavicle in position against the sternum.

19
Q

Serratus anterior:
Origin
Insertion
Nerve supply
Action

A

Origin: Upper 8 or 9 ribs and intercostal spaces.
• Insertion: Medial border and inferior angle of scapula.
• Nerve supply: Long thoracic nerve (SALT).
• Action: Rotates the scapula upwards and abducts the shoulder joint above 90 degrees.

20
Q

WHAT ARE MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE?

A

Deltoid

Lattisimus dorsi

Teres major

21
Q

Pectoralis major action

Serratus anterior action

A

Add -med rotation
Abd-upward rotation

22
Q

Lattisimus dorsi

A

Origin: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs, and inferior angle of scapula.
• Insertion: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve.
• Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

23
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
a. Anterior fibres: acromial (lateral) end of clavicle.
b. Lateral fibres: acromion process of scapula.
c. Posterior fibres: spine of scapula.
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
• Action:
a. Anterior fibres: flex and medial rotation of shoulder joint.
b. Lateral fibres: abduction of the arm.
c. Posterior fibres: extend and laterally rotate the shoulder joint. • Innervation: axillary nerve.
2. Lattisimus dorsi (Swimm

24
Q

Teres major:

A

Origin: inferior angle of scapula.
• Insertion: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Lower sub-scapular nerve.
• Action: Extend the arm from flexed position, Medially rotates and adducts arm.

25
Q

Swimmer’s muscle)

A

Lattisimus dorsi

26
Q

Lattisimus dorsi
Teres major
Insertion
Action

A

Floor of bicipital groove of humerus.
Add ,med rotation and extend

Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus.
Add ,med rotation and extend

27
Q

What are the muscles of the rotater cuff¿

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinateus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

28
Q

Supraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula.
• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus and shoulder capsule. • Nerve supply: Supra-scapular nerve.
• Action: Abducts arm and stabilises shoulder joint.

29
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula.
• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Supra-scapular nerve.
• Action: Laterally rotates arm and stabilises shoulder joint.

30
Q

Teres Minor:

A

Origin: Lateral border of scapula.
• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Axillary nerve.
• Action: Laterally rotates arm and stabilises shoulder joint.

31
Q

Teres major:
Follows Lattisimus dorsi in action

Teres Minor:
Follows Infraspinatus in action

A

Add ,med rotation and extend

Lateral rotation and stabilise the shoulder

32
Q

Function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Provide strength and stabilize the shoulder

33
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A

Origin: Sub-scapular fossa.
• Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus.
• Nerve supply: Upper and lower sub-scapular nerves.
• Action: Medially rotates arm, stabilises shoulder joint

34
Q

Which of the muscles of rotator cuff prevents anterior dislocation of the shoulder

A

Subscapularis

35
Q

The deltopectoral triangle

A

A narrow triangular depression between: a. Above: Clavicle.
b. Medially: Lateral border of the pectoralis major.
c. Laterally: Medial border of the deltoid.

36
Q

This narrow deltopectoral triangular area contains investing layers of the clavipectoral fascia and …….. vein on its roof which it pierces.

A

Cephalic vein

37
Q

WHAT ARE THE SCAPULAR SPACES?

A
  1. Quadrangular space, which is an inter-muscular space located immediately below the shoulder joint. It is abounded:
    a. Above by the teres minor.
    b. Below by the teres major.
    c. Medially by the long head of the triceps brachii.
    d. Laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus.
    - It has axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels.
  2. Triangular space, which is bounded:
    a. Inferiorly by the superior border of the teres major. b. Laterally by the long head of triceps.
    c. Superiorly by trees minor.
    - It contains scapular circumflex vessels.
  3. Triangular interval, which is bounded:
    a. Superiorly by teres major.
    b. Medially by long head of triceps brachii.
    c. Laterally by lateral head of triceps brachii or humerus. - It contains radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.
38
Q

What are the two bones that form the shoulder joint?
a) Humerus and Ulna
b) Humerus and Scapula
c) Humerus and Radius
d) Ulna and Scapula

A

B

39
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
a) Hinge joint
b) Pivot joint
c) Ball and socket joint
d) Plane joint

A

C

40
Q

What covers the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint?
a) Fibrocartilage
b) Elastic cartilage
c) Hyaline cartilage
d) Articular cartilage

A

C

41
Q

What structure deepens the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint?
a) Labrum
b) Ligament
c) Tendon
d) Bursa

A

A

42
Q

Where is the weakest point of the capsule in the shoulder joint?
a) Superiorly
b) Anteriorly
c) Posteriorly
d) Inferiorly

A

d) Inferiorly

43
Q

What is the most common type of dislocation in the shoulder joint?
a) Anterior dislocation
b) Posterior dislocation
c) Medial dislocation
d) Inferior dislocation

A

d) Inferior dislocation

44
Q

Which joint is the most mobile joint in the body?
a) Knee joint
b) Elbow joint
c) Shoulder joint
d) Hip joint

A

c) Shoulder joint

Medicine (11 decks)

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