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Medicine > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Extensor retinaculum is attached:
Medially
Laterally

A

Pisiform and hamate
The end of radius

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2
Q

Deep fascia that holds back long extensor tendons in position

A

Extensor Retinaculum

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3
Q

Each tunnel is lined by synovial sheath above and below, and is separated from neighboring tunnel by

A

Fibrous septa 6

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4
Q

Structures pass Deep beneath extensor retinaculum (M→L)?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis

Extensor pollicis longus tendon.

Extensor pollicis brevis tendon.
Abductor pollicis longus tendon.

Extensor carpi radialis longus tendon
Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon.

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5
Q

Which tendons have a Common synovial sheath?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor digitorum and Extensor indicis tendons

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6
Q

Which tendons separate synovial sheath but share a common compartment).

Extensor digitorum and Extensor indicis tendons

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendon

Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis tendons

A

Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis tendons

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7
Q

Which muscle called the perforating muscle?

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Pronator Quadratus,

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Digitorum Profundus:

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus:

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8
Q

WHAT IS THE FLEXOR SHEATH?

A

tubular sacs

surround the terminal parts of the tendons before its insertion

to provide a sort of lubrication for it

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9
Q

WHAT ARE VENICULAE?

A

a band of connective tissue,
similar to a ligament,
that connects a flexor tendon to a phalanx bone.

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10
Q

which has 2 heads. These heads are separated by a gap through which the radial artery passes:

Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis

A

Adductor pollicis

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE THENAR MUSCLES?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis:

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Adductor pollicis

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12
Q

All of these muscles are supplies by Median nerve (and its recurrent branch) except

Adductor pollicis

Opponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Adductor policis

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13
Q

Which supply adductor policis

Radial nerve
Medial nerve
Ulnar nerve

A

Ulnar nerve.

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14
Q

WHAT MUSCLES OF HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis:

Palmaris brevis

Abductor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

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15
Q

which is the most superficial muscle

A

Abductor digiti minimi

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16
Q

the muscle forming the hypothenar eminence

A

Abductor digiti minimi

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17
Q

The action of palmaris brevis

A

Gripping

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18
Q

Type of Distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot

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19
Q

What does Seperate ulna from carpals

A

Articular disc

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE DISTAL RADIO- ULNAR JOINT?

A

Distal radio-ulnar joint is a synovial pivot joint. It is composed of: • Medially: head of ulna.
• Laterally: ulnar notch on the radius.
• Inferiorly: articular disc (separate ulna from carpals).
- This articular disc is triangular and therefore has:
a. Apex: attached to the lateral side of styloid process of ulna. b. Base: attached to medial edge of ulnar notch of radius.

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21
Q

What about the capsule of Distal radio-ulnar joint

A

Capsule. encloses (تغطي) joint and is attached above to the distal ends of radius and ulna and below to the proximal row of carpals.

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22
Q
A

margins of articular surfaces
-Note: the joint cavity does not communicate with joint cavities of intercarpal joints

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23
Q

Ligaments of Distal radio-ulnar joint

A

Ligaments of this joint include:
1. Anterior and posterior radioulnar ligaments: enforce the cap.
2. Medial ulnar ligament: attached to the styloid process of ulna above and to the triquetral bone below.
3. Lateral palmar ligament: attached to styloid process of radius above and to the scaphoid bone below.

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE TRIANGULAR FIBROCARTILAGE COMPLEX?
And what is its function ¿

A

This is a load-bearing structure between the lunate, triquetrum, and ulnar head. The function of the TFCC is to act as a stabilizer for the ulnar aspect of the wrist.

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25
Q

The TFCC are enforced by which muscle¿

A

by the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon + sheath

26
Q

Ligaments of the TFCC are:

Ligaments of Distal radio-ulnar joint

A
  1. Ulnar collateral ligament.
  2. Dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments.
  3. Ulno-lunate ligament.
  4. Ulno-triquetral ligament.

1.Anterior and posterior radioulnar ligaments: enforce the cap.
2. Medial ulnar ligament: attached to the styloid process of ulna above and to the triquetral bone below.
3. Lateral palmar ligament: attached to styloid process of radius above and to the scaphoid bone below.

27
Q

There are 5 types of ligaments of note in the wrist joint:

A
  1. Ulnar collateral: runs from ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform.
  2. Radial collateral: runs from radial styloid process to scaphoid.
  3. Radio-scapho-capitate, Radio-scapho-lunate, and Radio-lunate.
  4. Disccarpal ligament: Disco-lunate (DL) and Disco-triquet. (DT).
  5. Ulnotriquetral: runs from palmar radioulnar ligament to the palmar aspext of triquetrum.
  6. Ulnolunate: runs from palmar radioulnar ligament to the palmar horn of the lunate.
  7. Ulnocapitate.
28
Q

Ulnotriquetral runs from whee t where ¿

A

Ulnotriquetral: runs from palmar radioulnar ligament to the palmar aspext of triquetrum.

29
Q
  1. Ulnolunate: runs from where to where¿
A
  1. Ulnolunate: runs from palmar radioulnar ligament to the palmar horn of the lunate.
30
Q

What is the gliding

A

Intercarpal joints between the carpals of the wrist. These are plane joints that allow gliding. They are stabilized by anterior, posterior, and connecting ligaments.

31
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints
What I the movements ¿

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) between metacarpals and phalanges.
. These allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

32
Q

What is the movement of Intercarpal joints

نوع الjoint

A

Gliding

Plane synovial joint

33
Q

WHAT ARE THE FRACTURES OF THE WRIST JOINT?

A

. Colles’ Fracture: fracture at the distal end of the radius that happens when a person falls on an outstretched hand. It is accompanied by posterior displacement of the hand and wrist.
2. Smith’s Fracture: fracture in the distal end of radius caused by fall on the dorsum of the hand or forearm.

34
Q

What are some symptoms of a scaphoid fracture?
a. Pain and tenderness on the medial side of the wrist
b. Swelling and redness of the wrist
c. Pain when extending the wrist
d. Pain and tenderness on the lateral side of the wrist, pain when gripping, and deep dull pain in the wrist
Answer: d. Pain and tenderness on the lateral side of the wrist, pain when gripping, and deep dull pain in the wrist

A
35
Q

What happens if scaphoid fractures are left untreated?

A

They cause arthritis

36
Q

Which forms carpal tunnel

A

Flexor Retinaculum

37
Q

Flexor retinaculum is attached:

A

a.Medially: pisiform bone and hook of hamate.
b. Laterally: tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium.

38
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Thickening of deep fascia
holds long flexor tendons in place at wrist. It stretches across Front of wrist
forms carpal tunnel!

39
Q

WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES THAT PASS BEYOND THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM?

A
40
Q

Guyon’s canal.

A

Both ulnar nerve and artery pass in a separate compartment called Guyon’s canal.

41
Q

Common synovial sheath that extends only with the little finger)

A

Between Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, anterior to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

42
Q

which goes through a split in the flexor retinaculum and is surrounded by a synovial sheath!

A

Flexor carpi radialis

43
Q

What is the Carpal tunnel

A

Carpal tunnel is osteo-fascial tunnel for passage of Median nerve and flexor tendons of fingers.

44
Q

What the structures pass Superficial to flexor retinaculum (M→L)

A

Ulnar nerve,

Ulnar artery

Palmaris longus tendon

حافظيتهم على NA Pal

45
Q

What the structures pass Deep beneath flexor retinaculum (M→L):

A

بالترتيب

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Median nerve.
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Flexor carpi radialis tendon

*under the digitorum superficialis there is flexor digitorum profundus (Common synovial sheath that extends only with the little finger).

*Radialis goes through a split in the flexor retinaculum

*All surounded by synovial sheathe

46
Q

Median nerve lies in restricted space between which tendons ¿

A

Median nerve lies in restricted space between tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis muscles

47
Q

WHAT ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CARPAL TUNNEL?

A

Roof: transverse carpal ligament, which extend from scaphoid and trapezium laterally to the hook of hamate medially.
• Floor and sides: Palmar radio-carpal ligament and Palmar ligament complex between carpal bones.
- The carpal bones form a concave arch on the palmar side.

48
Q

WHAT IS THE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME?

A

A swelling of the common flexor sheath may decrease available space in the carpal tunnel.
- As a result, the median nerve may be compressed, causing pain and paresthesia of the thumb and index and middle fingers, and weakness of the thenar muscles.

49
Q

The carpal bones form a ……. arch on the palmar side

Concave
Convex

A

Concave

50
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Is a thickening of deep fascia that stretches across the Back of the wrist, and holds back long extensor tendons in position (6).
- Each tunnel is lined by synovial sheath above and below, and is separated from neighboring tunnel by a fibrous septa.back to the التفريغ

51
Q

Extensor retinaculum is attached.
Medially
Laterally

A

1.Medially to Pisiform bone and Hook of the Hamate bone.
2. Laterally to distal end of Radius.

52
Q

Structures pass Deep beneath extensor retinaculum (M→L)

A
  1. Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.
  2. Extensor digiti minimi tendon.
  3. Extensor digitorum and Extensor indicis tendons .
  4. Extensor pollicis longus tendon.
    5.Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendon.
  5. Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis tendons
  • Extensor digitorum and Extensor indicis tendons (common synovial sheath).
    *Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendon (common synovial sheath).
    *Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis tendons (separate synovial sheath but share a common compartmen
53
Q

Which of the deep flexors is the perforating muscle

A

At base of proximal phalanx, each tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis divide into medial and lateral parts. These parts then attach to the lateral surface of middle phalanx (insertion).
• The division of FDS flexor digitorum superficialis tendon allows the FDP flexor digitorum profundus tendon to pass in between to the distal phalanges (insertion). That’s why the FDP is also called the perforating muscle.

54
Q

WHAT IS THE FLEXOR SHEATH?

A

These are tubular sacs which surround the terminal parts of the tendons before its insertion to provide a sort of lubrication for it.
• Each synovial flexor sheath is composed of Inner and Outer layers separated by a thin film of fluid to facilitate the movements. • There are 3 sheaths that surround long flexors of digits.

55
Q

WHAT ARE VENICULAE?

A

Vinculum is a band of connective tissue, similar to a ligament, that connects a flexor tendon to a phalanx bone.
باندات صغيرة تششششبه الligaments تربط بين الflexor tendon مع الplalynx

56
Q

Thener muscles

A

أربعة policis و اثنان منهم زيادة كلمة brevis
اللي معها كلمة Brevis هي الflexor والabductor
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

واللي بدونها

Opponens وال Adductor
. Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis

57
Q

which has 2 heads. These heads are separated by a gap through which the radial artery passes:

A

Adductor pollicis

58
Q

which has 2 heads. These heads are separated by a gap through which the radial artery passes:

A

Adductor pollicis,

59
Q

All of thener muscles are supplies by ……. nerve (and its recurrent branch)
Radial
Ulnar
Median

A

All of these muscles are supplies by Median nerve (and its recurrent branch)

60
Q

All of thener muscles are supplies by Median nerve (and its recurrent branch) except

A

Adductor pllicis by ulnar

61
Q

WHAT ABOUT HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES?

A

3بكونوا digiti minimi ووحدة منهم معها brevis واللي هي الflexor

Abductor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevi

والأخيرة palmaris brevis

62
Q

All of these muscles are supplies by Ulnar nerve (and its deep branch).

A

Hypothener musces

Medicine (11 decks)

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