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Medicine > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Head of the radius is Convex
True
False

A

False
Concave

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2
Q

Head of radius which articulates with:

A
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3
Q

Ulna
Its anterior border is rounded and subcutaneous and can be easily palpated throughout its length.
True
False

A

False
Posterior

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4
Q

Innervation of Posterior Compartment of the arm

A

Radial nerve

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5
Q

Innervation of Anterior Compartment of the arm

A

Musculocutaneous and median nerve

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6
Q

Coracobrachialis
Action

A

Flexion
Adduction
of the arm at the shoulder.

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7
Q

Insertion of Brachialis

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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8
Q

Which separates the superficial from deep structures anterior to the elbow joint (cubital fossa)

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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9
Q

Biceps Brachii
Origin
Insertion

A

Long head origin is supraglenoid cavity
Short head origin is coracoid proces of scapula

Insertion of Radial tuberosity and Bicipital aponeurosis

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10
Q

Common Origin of Superficial Anterior Compartment of Forearm

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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11
Q

Pronator Teres:

A

Insertion: Midway on Lateral surface of Radius.
• Action: Pronation and Flexion of Forearm.

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12
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Insertion: Base of 2nd MC.
• Action: Flexion and Abduction of Wris

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13
Q

Palmaris Longus:

A

Insertion: Flexor retinaculum and forms palmar aponeurosis.
• Action: Flexion of Wrist.

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14
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris,

A

a. Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle.
b. Ulnar Head: Olecranon process and posterior border of ulna.
• Insertion: Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, and 5th MC.
• Action: Flexion and Adduction of the Hand.

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15
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

a. Humeroulnar Head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, Ulnar collateral ligament, and Coronoid process of ulna.
b. Radial Head: Superior half of anterior border of radius.
• Insertion: Middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers (2-5).
• Action: Flexes middle phalanges at proximal IP joints of medial four digits.

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16
Q

The last2 pages

WHAT ARE THE BURSAE OF THE ELBOW JOINT?

A

A bursa is a membranous sac filled with synovial fluid. It acts as a cushion to reduce friction between the moving parts of a joint:
1. Intratendinous: within the tendon of the triceps brachii.
2. Subtendinous: between olecranon and triceps tendon.
3. Subcutaneous (olecranon) bursa: between olecranon and the overlying connective tissue (implicated in olecranon bursitis).

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17
Q

Subcutaneous bursitis

A

Repeated friction and pressure on the bursa can cause it to become inflamed and maybe infected.
It is a repeated friction and pressure on this bursa leading to become inflammation or infection.

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18
Q

WHAT IS THE CUBITAL TUNNEL?
What the course (مسار) of the mentioned nerve?

A

It is a space of dorsal medial elbow that allows passage of Ulnar nerve around the elbow. Course of Ulnar nerve through it is:
1. Medial epicondyle above.
2. Under the Medial collateral ligament (posterior part).
3. Covered by the Common flexor tendon and Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Posterior medial edge of the Olecranon process.

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19
Q

Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament

A

strong ligament that extends from Medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid and olecranon processes of ulna.
- This ligament has 3 main bands: Anterior (Cord-like), Posterior (Fan-like), and Oblique (Transverse) bands.

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20
Q

What the bands of Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament

A

Anterior (Cord-like), Posterior (Fan-like), and Oblique (Transverse) bands

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21
Q

The course of ulnar nerve through the cubital tunnle?

A

The ulnar nerve originates from the neck and down to the elbow joint passing behind the medial epicondyle
Then it travels under the medial collateral ligament, which is a band of tissue that helps to stabilize the elbow joint.
After that it is covered by the common flexor tendon, which attaches to the inner part of the elbow joint, and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, which is a muscle that helps to move the wrist. The nerve then runs along the posterior medial edge of the olecranon process, which is the bony tip of the elbow.

Check the stadium album عملت سكرين للشات gpt

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22
Q

Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament,

A

which is triangular ligament that extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus to the radial notch of ulna and annular ligament.
- This ligament is made of Radial collateral, Lateral ulnar collateral, accessory collateral and Annular ligaments.
• Apex: attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus.
• Base: attached to upper margin of Annular ligament.

23
Q

Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament
كيف شكله ؟

A

It is a triangular composed of apex and base

24
Q

What are the apex and base of the Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament

A

Apex is lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Base is the margin of the annular ligament

25
Q

What are the components of the Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament

A

1-radial ligament
2-lateral ulnar collateral يختلف عن الmedial
3-accessory ligament
4-annular ligament

26
Q

Lateral ulnar collateral is a part of Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament,but Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament is a single ligament itself

A

Page 8

27
Q

quadrate ligament,

A

It is a Infermedial support to the annular ligament
It runs From radioulnar notch medially to the head of radius laterally.

28
Q

Annular Ligament

A

which is located at Proximal radioulnar joint.
- This joint is also supported inferomedially by the quadrate ligament, which runs from radial notch of ulna medially to the head of radius laterally. It wraps around head of radius and attaches to the radial notch of ulna anteriorly and posteriorly.
- It keeps head of radius in radial notch and allows pronation and supination.

29
Q

WHAT ARE THE MOVEMENTS ALLOWED AT ELBOW JOINT?

A

Flexion

Extension

Innervated by all nerves of arm and forearm except axial nerve

The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint, which allows for flexion and extension of the arm

30
Q

WHAT IS THE CUBITAL FOSSA?

A

is a triangular depression anterior to elbow joint. It has borders:
a. Base (superiorly): line drawn between humeral epicondyles.
b. Laterally: brachioradialis.
c. Medially: pronator teres.
d. Roof (anteriorly): skin, superficial and deep fascia, and bicipital aponeurosis.
e. Floor (posteriorly): Brachialis medially and Supinator laterally.

31
Q

WHAT IS BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS?

A

It is broad aponeurosis of biceps brachii located in cubital fossa.
• It separates superficial from deep structures in the fossa.
• It originates from distal insertion of biceps brachii and inserted into Deep fascia of Forearm.
• It helps to protect brachial artery and median nerve from the median antecubital vein (Venipuncture)

32
Q

What is the function of bicipital aponeurosis?

A

It helps to protect brachial artery and median nerve from the median antecubital vein (Venipuncture)

33
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF cubital FOSSA?

سؤال امتحان

A

Median Nerve.
2. Bifurcation of brachial artery into ulnar and radial arteries, which happens at the lower border (apex) of the cubital fossa.
3. Tendon of biceps muscle.
4. Radial nerve and its deep branch.

34
Q

WHAT IS THE ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSIS AROUND ELBOW?

A

The blood supply of the elbow joint comes from a network of arteries around the joint itself. This network is formed by branches off the brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries.
• Brachial artery = profunda brachii artery and superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries.
• Profunda brachii = divide into middle and radial collateral.
• Ulnar artery = anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent (named anterior and posterior according to their relation to M.E).
• Radial artery = radial recurrent artery.
- So, arteries that originate above the elbow joint are called collaterals, while arteries that originate below the elbow are called recurrent.

35
Q

Brachial artery divided into: before elbow joint

A

Profundal brachii
Superior and inferior ulnar arteries

36
Q

Brachial artery divides at the apex of cubital fossa

A

Radial artery
Ulnar artery

37
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A

Nerve artery tendon nerve

Median nerve the most median component of the cubital fossa
Radial nerve and its deep branch is the most lateral component of the cubital fossa

38
Q

Profunda brachii = divide into

A

middle and radial collateral
لأنهم فوق الelbow joint

39
Q

Radial artery = at the elbow joint

A

radial recurrent artery

40
Q

So, arteries that originate above the elbow joint are called collaterals, while arteries that originate below the elbow are called recurrent.

A
41
Q

Radius has ……… for the insertion of the …..

A

Radial tuberosity, the biceps

42
Q

has a sharp interosseous border medially for the attachment of the interosseous membrane.

has sharp interosseous border laterally for the attachment of the interosseous membrane.

A

Radius
Ulna

43
Q

Which Its posterior border is rounded and subcutaneous and can be easily palpated throughout its length.

Radius
Tibia
Humerus
Femor
Ulna

A

Ulna

44
Q

WHAT ARE MOVEMENTS OF THE ELBOW?
What the agonists
What the synergists

A
  1. Forearm Flexion: Brachialis and Biceps Brachii are Agonists. - Brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps stabilise elbow. 2. Forearm Extension: Triceps brachii is the Agonist.
    - Anconeus is a weak synergist.
45
Q

What is the action of the Biceps Brachii muscle?

a. Extension of the arm at the shoulder
b. Flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder
c. Major flexor of the forearm
d. Supination of the forearm

A

Answer: d. Supination of the forearm. It also flexes the forearm when it is in supine position.

46
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
• Insertion: Middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus. • Action: Flexion and Adduction of arm at the shoulder.
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve.

47
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus.
• Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna. • Action: Major flexor of forearm.
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6).

48
Q
  1. Brachialis:
A

Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus.
• Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna. • Action: Major flexor of forearm.
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6).

49
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

a. Short Head: originate from Tip of coracoid process.
b. Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle.
• Insertion: Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm by bicipital aponeurosis.
• Action: Supinates the Forearm. It also flexes the forearm when it is in supine position.
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6).

50
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Short Head: originate from Tip of coracoid process.
b. Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle.
• Insertion: Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm by bicipital aponeurosis.
• Action: Supinates the Forearm. It also flexes the forearm when it is in supine position.
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6).

51
Q

Insertion of Biceps Brachii

A

Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

52
Q

Bicipital aponeurosis

A

It is a broad aponeurosis of biceps brachii located anterior to the elbow joint. It separates the superficial from deep structures anterior to the elbow joint (cubital fossa).
• It arises from the distal insertion of biceps brachii and runs across the brachial artery to insert into the antebrachial fascia of the forearm. It helps protect the contents of the cubital fossa.

53
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

a. Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of Glenoid cavity. b. Lateral head: Upper posterior part of humerus.
c. Medial head: Posterior part of humerus.
• Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna.
• Innervation: radial nerve.
• Action: extends the elbow joint.

54
Q

WHAT ABOUT MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM?

A

Medicine (11 decks)

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