Anatomy: Palate Flashcards by Rosa Bock

outline the boundaries of the oral cavity

upper and lower teeth

floor of mouth and tongue

oropharynx

hard and soft palate

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which muscles form the floor of the mouth

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

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tongue tie

the frenulum of the tongue is too short and binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lowe incisor teeth

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how much of daily saliva do your salivary glands produce

90%

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how do salivary glands keep your mouth moist

basal secretions

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which salivary glands can normally be palpated

submandibular

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describe the course of the parotid duct

(duct of Stensen)

crosses masseter, pierces medially through buccinator then opens on the parotid papilla of buccal mucosa

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where does the submanidbular gland open onto

sublingual papilla

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where are the sublingual ducts

on the sublingual fold in the floor of the mouth

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describe the sensory innervation of the parotid gland

CNV3 - auriclotemporal branch

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describe the autonomic innervation of the parotid gland

parasympathetic secretomotor:

CNIX synpases with the otic ganglion
the auriculotemporal nerve (CNV3) then carries parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland
increase in saliva production

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what mucosa is the tongue covered in

lingual mucosa

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what is the function of the papillae at the front of the tongue

general sensory - touch, temperature etc

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what is the origin of the thyroid gland

foramen caecum

inferiorly migrates whilst attached to the tongue via the thyroglossal duct

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foramen caecum

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what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

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extrinsic tongue muscles

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function of the intrinsic tongue muscles

modify the shape of the tongue during function

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where does CNVII attach connect to the CNS

rootlets attach to the junction between pons and medulla oblongata

so does CNVIII

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which bone is the hypoglossal canal in

occipital bone

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describe the innervation of the muscles of the tongue

all CNXII

except palatoglossus - CNX

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describe the course of CNXII extracranially

descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath - over it

at level of hyoid bone (C3) passes anteriorly towards lateral aspect of the tongue

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clinical testing of CNXII

ask patient to stick tongue straight out - both functioning: tongue tip remains in midline - unilateral CNXII damage, tongue tip points towards injured nerve side

how does CNXII pass in relation to the external carotid artery and the lingual artery

laterally (over)

blood supply of tongue

mainly from lingual artery (from external carotid artery)

what are the upper and lower rows of teeth called

upper and lower dental arch

how must a laceration that crosses the vermillion border be treated

refer to plastic surgeon

which bones is the hard palate formed from

palatine process of maxilla palatine bone lateral and medial pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone

what is found on the anterior surface of the hard palate

rugae

hard palate - palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone

palatine bone

pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone ## Footnote *note pterygoid hamulus*

what are the skeletal muscles of the soft palate innervated by

CNX except tensor veli palanti (CNV3)

function of the soft palate

stops food entering the nose during swallowing helps close off entrance into oropharynx during gag reflex directs air into nose or mouth during speech, coughing and vomiting

clinical testing of CNX and CNV3

ask patient to open mouth and say ahh if the nerves are functioning the uvula should lift straight up to the midline if there is unilateral nerve pathology the uvula will be pulled away from the non functioning side by the normal side

muscle and innervation

palatopharyngeus - muscle of soft palate - CNX

where do all the pharyngeal constrictor (circular) muscles insert

midline raphe

what are the pharyngeal circulr muscles innervated by

CNX - pharyngeal plexus

describe the contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

external layer that overlap eachother they contract sequentially - voluntary

what is the stylopharyngeus innervated by

CNIX

what are the palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus innervated by

CNX

what is the action of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

elevate pharynx and larynx

where do all the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert

posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

stylopharyngeus - CNIX

salpingopharyngeus - CNX

palatopharyngeus

longitduninal muscles of pharynx

where does the stylopharyngeus originate and insert

styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone posterior border of thyroid cartilage

where does your palatopharyngeus originate and insert

palate posterior border of thyroid cartilage

choana - passage from nasal cavity into nasopharynx ## Footnote *posterior nasal apertures*

choana (posterior nasal apertures)

waldeyer's ring of lymphoid tissue

palatine tonsil

what are regional nodes

the group of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure

what are the regional nodes for the tip of the tongue

submental nodes

where do the submandibular nodes lie in relation to teh submandibular gland

superficial to the gland

where are the deep cervical nodes found

in the carotid sheath

which node drains the palatine tonsil

jugulo-digastric

what do the deep cervical lymph nodes lie alone

IJV

what do the superficial cervical nodes lie along

external jugular vein

describe the appearance of lymph nodes in cancer

* swollen and hard * irregular * not painful * fixed * dont improve * circular (benign are elliptical) * benign: fatty hilum, regular vascular supply

why is there a need for bilateral examination of lymph nodes

some midline structures drain bilaterally eg tip of tongue drains to R and L submental nodes

tonsillar sinus

space between the arches where the palatine tonsil lies innervated by CNIX

adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsil

mylohyoid muscle - forms the floor of the oral cavity

mylohyoid - forms the floor of the mouth

geniohyoid - forms the floor of the oral cavity (genio = chin)

digastric muscle - anterior belly helps form the floor of the mouth

which artery is this?

lingual artery, from external carotid

is the mylohyoid paired or unpaired?

paired

palatine bone