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RB Y2 ENT > Anatomy: Palate > Flashcards

Anatomy: Palate Flashcards

1
Q

outline the boundaries of the oral cavity

A

upper and lower teeth

floor of mouth and tongue

oropharynx

hard and soft palate

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

which muscles form the floor of the mouth

A

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

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4
Q

tongue tie

A

the frenulum of the tongue is too short and binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lowe incisor teeth

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5
Q

how much of daily saliva do your salivary glands produce

A

90%

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6
Q

how do salivary glands keep your mouth moist

A

basal secretions

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7
Q

which salivary glands can normally be palpated

A

submandibular

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8
Q

describe the course of the parotid duct

A

(duct of Stensen)

crosses masseter, pierces medially through buccinator then opens on the parotid papilla of buccal mucosa

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9
Q

where does the submanidbular gland open onto

A

sublingual papilla

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10
Q

where are the sublingual ducts

A

on the sublingual fold in the floor of the mouth

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11
Q

describe the sensory innervation of the parotid gland

A

CNV3 - auriclotemporal branch

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12
Q

describe the autonomic innervation of the parotid gland

A

parasympathetic secretomotor:

  • CNIX synpases with the otic ganglion
  • the auriculotemporal nerve (CNV3) then carries parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland
  • increase in saliva production
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13
Q

what mucosa is the tongue covered in

A

lingual mucosa

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

what is the function of the papillae at the front of the tongue

A

general sensory - touch, temperature etc

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16
Q

what is the origin of the thyroid gland

A

foramen caecum

inferiorly migrates whilst attached to the tongue via the thyroglossal duct

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17
Q
A

foramen caecum

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18
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

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19
Q

extrinsic tongue muscles

A
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20
Q

function of the intrinsic tongue muscles

A

modify the shape of the tongue during function

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21
Q

where does CNVII attach connect to the CNS

A

rootlets attach to the junction between pons and medulla oblongata

so does CNVIII

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22
Q

which bone is the hypoglossal canal in

A

occipital bone

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23
Q

describe the innervation of the muscles of the tongue

A

all CNXII

except palatoglossus - CNX

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24
Q

describe the course of CNXII extracranially

A

descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath - over it

at level of hyoid bone (C3) passes anteriorly towards lateral aspect of the tongue

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25
Q

clinical testing of CNXII

A

ask patient to stick tongue straight out

  • both functioning: tongue tip remains in midline
  • unilateral CNXII damage, tongue tip points towards injured nerve side
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26
Q

how does CNXII pass in relation to the external carotid artery and the lingual artery

A

laterally (over)

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27
Q

blood supply of tongue

A

mainly from lingual artery (from external carotid artery)

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28
Q

what are the upper and lower rows of teeth called

A

upper and lower dental arch

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29
Q

how must a laceration that crosses the vermillion border be treated

A

refer to plastic surgeon

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30
Q

which bones is the hard palate formed from

A

palatine process of maxilla

palatine bone

lateral and medial pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone

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31
Q

what is found on the anterior surface of the hard palate

A

rugae

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32
Q
A

hard palate - palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone

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33
Q
A

palatine bone

34
Q
A

pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

note pterygoid hamulus

35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

what are the skeletal muscles of the soft palate innervated by

A

CNX

except tensor veli palanti (CNV3)

39
Q

function of the soft palate

A

stops food entering the nose during swallowing

helps close off entrance into oropharynx during gag reflex

directs air into nose or mouth during speech, coughing and vomiting

40
Q

clinical testing of CNX and CNV3

A

ask patient to open mouth and say ahh

if the nerves are functioning the uvula should lift straight up to the midline

if there is unilateral nerve pathology the uvula will be pulled away from the non functioning side by the normal side

41
Q

muscle and innervation

A

palatopharyngeus

  • muscle of soft palate - CNX
42
Q
A
43
Q

where do all the pharyngeal constrictor (circular) muscles insert

A

midline raphe

44
Q

what are the pharyngeal circulr muscles innervated by

A

CNX - pharyngeal plexus

45
Q

describe the contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

external layer that overlap eachother

they contract sequentially - voluntary

46
Q

what is the stylopharyngeus innervated by

A

CNIX

47
Q

what are the palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus innervated by

A

CNX

48
Q

what is the action of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

elevate pharynx and larynx

49
Q

where do all the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert

A

posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

50
Q
A

stylopharyngeus

  • CNIX
51
Q
A

salpingopharyngeus - CNX

52
Q
A

palatopharyngeus

53
Q

longitduninal muscles of pharynx

A
54
Q

where does the stylopharyngeus originate and insert

A

styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

55
Q

where does your palatopharyngeus originate and insert

A

palate

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

56
Q
A

choana - passage from nasal cavity into nasopharynx

posterior nasal apertures

57
Q
A

choana (posterior nasal apertures)

58
Q
A
59
Q

waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue

A
60
Q
A

palatine tonsil

61
Q

what are regional nodes

A

the group of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure

62
Q

what are the regional nodes for the tip of the tongue

A

submental nodes

63
Q

where do the submandibular nodes lie in relation to teh submandibular gland

A

superficial to the gland

64
Q

where are the deep cervical nodes found

A

in the carotid sheath

65
Q

which node drains the palatine tonsil

A

jugulo-digastric

66
Q

what do the deep cervical lymph nodes lie alone

A

IJV

67
Q

what do the superficial cervical nodes lie along

A

external jugular vein

68
Q

describe the appearance of lymph nodes in cancer

A
  • swollen and hard
  • irregular
  • not painful
  • fixed
  • dont improve
  • circular (benign are elliptical)
  • benign: fatty hilum, regular vascular supply
69
Q

why is there a need for bilateral examination of lymph nodes

A

some midline structures drain bilaterally eg tip of tongue drains to R and L submental nodes

70
Q

tonsillar sinus

A

space between the arches where the palatine tonsil lies

innervated by CNIX

71
Q
A

adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsil

72
Q
A

mylohyoid muscle - forms the floor of the oral cavity

73
Q
A

mylohyoid - forms the floor of the mouth

74
Q
A

geniohyoid - forms the floor of the oral cavity (genio = chin)

75
Q
A

digastric muscle - anterior belly helps form the floor of the mouth

76
Q
A
77
Q

which artery is this?

A

lingual artery, from external carotid

78
Q

is the mylohyoid paired or unpaired?

A

paired

79
Q
A

palatine bone

80
Q
A

RB Y2 ENT (22 decks)

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